Wastewater Reuse and Management

Sharma, Sanjay K.; Sanghi, Rashmi

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4942-9

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 423 publications

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“…The hydrolysis of urea triggers an increase in pH and the produced NH 3 is easily lost by volatilization and thus depleted in δ 15 N, while the residual NH + 4 is highly enriched in δ 15 N. Since a significant proportion of the NH + 4 is converted into nitrate, the residual NO − will be highly enriched with δ 15 N. Hence, NO − 3 originating from animal manure displays δ 15 N values that are specifically in the range +10 to +20‰ [44] and +5 to +25‰ [58].…”

Section: Application Of δ 15 N and δ 18 O To Identify Nitrate Polluti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Application of Isotopic Techniques to Trace Groundwater Pollution Sources within Developing Countries

Sankoh

Derkyi

Frazer-Williams

et al. 2021

Water

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Owing to a lack of efficient solid waste management (SWM) systems, groundwater in most developing countries is found to be contaminated and tends to pose significant environmental health risks. This review paper proffers guidelines on the application of isotopic techniques to trace groundwater pollution sources from data spanning from 2010 to 2020 within developing countries. Earlier groundwater studies in those countries were mainly focused on using hydrochemical and geophysical techniques. The limitation of these techniques is that they can only monitor the concentration of pollutants in the water bodies and possible leachate infiltration but cannot determine the specific sources of the pollution. Stable isotopes of δ18O, δ2H and δ13C can confirm leachate migration to water bodies due to methanogenesis. The high tritium in landfill leachates is useful to identify leachate percolation in groundwater. The δ15N technique has been used to distinguish between synthetic and organic nitrogen sources but its application is limited to differentiating between atmospheric vs. inorganic nitrogen sources. The use of a dual isotope of δ15N–NO3− and δ18O–NO3− is beneficial in terms of identifying various sources of nitrogen such as atmospheric and inorganic fertilizers but is yet to be used to differentiate between nitrogen pollution sources from dumpsites, sewage and animal manure. The coupling of the 11B isotope with δ15N–NO3− and δ18O–NO3− and other hydrochemical parameters has proven to be effective in distinguishing between nitrate fertilizer, animal manure, seawater contamination and sewage. Therefore, in areas affected by agricultural activities, landfill leachates, domestic or sewage effluent and seawater intrusion, it is incumbent to couple hydrochemical (Cl−, NO3−, B, DO) and isotope techniques (δ18O, 2H, δ13C, δ18O–NO3−, δ15N–NO3−, δ11B and 3H) to effectively determine pollution sources of groundwater in developing countries. The foregoing review will provide guidelines for studies that may aim to critically distinguish between seawater intrusion, dumpsites, sewage and septic leachates.

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Section: Application Of δ 15 N and δ 18 O To Identify Nitrate Polluti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Application of Isotopic Techniques to Trace Groundwater Pollution Sources within Developing Countries

Sankoh

Derkyi

Frazer-Williams

et al. 2021

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A full-scale batch removal system requires information's of the optimum conditions that can only be acquired from kinetic models. Also, kinetic models facilitate understanding the adsorption mechanism and its potential rate-controlling stages, which include mass transport and chemical reaction processes (Gautam et al 2013). As there have been several models developed to study the kinetics of adsorption, pseudo-first-and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were adapted in this research for their wide acceptance in heavy metals removal studies.…”

Section: Adsorption Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using similar boundary conditions to the one in the previous model gives us: or in the linear form: Plotting (t/q) against (t) allows determining the pseudo-second-order rate constants k 2 . Comparing both presented kinetic models, this one is deemed more appropriate to represent the kinetic data in bio-sorption systems (Abdul Aziz 2014;Gautam et al 2013;Jesionowski et al 2015;Papirio et al 2017).…”

Section: Adsorption Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the isotherm model gives an insight of best conditions at which a certain adsorption operation can be conducted (Abdul Aziz 2014). Two simple yet very common models are Langmuir model that assumes a monolayer adsorption behavior of adsorbate and the empirical Freundlich model, which is developed for heterogeneous surfaces (Gautam et al 2013).…”

Section: Adsorption Isothermmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Favorability can be deduced from the value of n as the higher it gets, the stronger interaction between the adsorbent and heavy metals can be implied. When 1/n equals to one, linear adsorption leading to identical adsorption energies for all sites is indicated (Abdul Aziz 2014;Gautam et al 2013).…”

Section: Adsorption Isothermmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chelate coupling with pineapple leaves as a modified bio-sorbent for lead ions (II) removal

Heba

Salmiaton

Abdullah

2019

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Modification of cellulose-rich agricultural waste, pineapple leaves, was conducted for the purpose of lead (Pb) adsorption from aqueous solution. The process was executed in two scales: one with simply mercerizing the leaves using sodium hydroxide, and the other furthered by coupling iminodiacetic acid with the cellulose content of the waste material. Batch model was adapted for this study, and different kinetic and isotherm models were compared for the acquired data. The effect of initial concentration of lead ions, time, and the recyclability was the aspects in focus, while temperature and pH were controlled at 30 °C and 5.5, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy shows an evident change to the raw material after the mercerization process in terms of cellulose fibers exposure. In addition, CHN elemental analysis suggests a nearly doubling of nitrogen content in the adsorbent after coupling treatment, which indicates the success of binding the amino group to the cellulose polymer. Both adsorbents made a better fit to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Similarly, they were better represented by Freundlich isotherm model. The potential of the modification conducted can be concluded from the achieved maximum lead ions uptake of 45, 18.7 mg/g at lead concentration of 400 mg/L for iminodiacetic acid coupled leaves compared to mercerized leaves, respectively. Moreover, iminodiacetic acid coupled leaves managed to sustain more than 87% of its initial capacity after four cycles of adsorption and desorption, which indicates a great reusability potential.

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Industrial Pollution Management Approach

Singh,

Mishra

2023

Heavy Metal Toxicity: Environmental Concerns, Remediation and Opportunities

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Wastewater Reuse and Management

Cited by 22 publications

References 423 publications

A Review on the Application of Isotopic Techniques to Trace Groundwater Pollution Sources within Developing Countries

A Review on the Application of Isotopic Techniques to Trace Groundwater Pollution Sources within Developing Countries

Chelate coupling with pineapple leaves as a modified bio-sorbent for lead ions (II) removal

Industrial Pollution Management Approach

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