Wastewater impacts on groundwater at a fractured sedimentary bedrock site in Ontario, Canada: implications for First Nations’ source-water protection

Marshall, Rachael; Levison, Jana; McBean, Edward A.; Parker, Beth L.

doi:10.1007/s10040-019-02019-7

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Parameters considered for the CRAFLUSH model are included in Table 1. The local hydraulic gradient was calculated from hydraulic head data from four ports with similar depths in CMT1 and CMT2 (a nearby monitoring well [82]) over a period of 14 months. Parameters considered for the CRAFLUSH model are included in Table 1.…”

Section: Numerical and Analytical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Septic System Impacts on Source Water: Two Novel Field Tracer Experiments in Fractured Sedimentary Bedrock

et al. 2022

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Septic systems are a common contributor of contaminants to groundwater that have implications for source water protection, particularly in fractured sedimentary bedrock environments. Two 24-h tracer experiments were performed that applied (1) the dye Lissamine Flavine FF and (2) three artificial sweeteners (acesulfame, sucralose, and cyclamate) in the leaching bed to examine solute transport from a single-family septic bed to a multilevel monitoring well installed in fractured sedimentary bedrock on a First Nation reserve in Southern Ontario, Canada. Tracer was first observed 3 h and 20 min after deployment, and breakthrough curves showed that multiple pathways likely exist between the septic bed and the monitoring well. Cyclamate concentrations were more elevated than expected compared to other studies that examined cyclamate’s attenuation in the laboratory and in porous media aquifers. Solute transport through the septic bed was analyzed with the numerical modeling software Hydrus 1D, which indicated that the septic bed may be too thin, located directly on bedrock, underlain by fractured soils, or bypassed through a short-circuit. The rapid transport of septic leachate to fractured sedimentary aquifers is problematic for First Nation and rural communities. More stringent regulations are needed for the design and use of septic systems in these environments.

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Section: Numerical and Analytical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Septic System Impacts on Source Water: Two Novel Field Tracer Experiments in Fractured Sedimentary Bedrock

et al. 2022

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“…Depth‐discrete groundwater monitoring systems yield more observation points than traditional wells and can capture more detailed hydraulic responses from a local aquifer (Marshall et al 2019). To date, three major approaches to collecting the depth‐discrete hydraulic response in an aquifer are used: (1) A monitoring well cluster comprises several wells spaced alongside each other, and each well has a single screen interval; (2) A nested well assembles multiple well casings in a single borehole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several commercial MLMS systems, such as the Waterloo and Continuous Multichannel Tubing (CMT) systems by Solinst Canada Ltd. and the Westbay system by Westbay Instrument (Einarson and Cherry 2002; Parker et al 2006; Chapman et al 2015; Zhao and Illman 2018; Marshall et al 2019), are well developed with successful application in field studies. Yet, these electronic‐based MLMSs have several drawbacks: (1) An electronic cable is required to send a measured signal from each electronic sensor to the ground surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquifer Characterization Using Fiber Bragg Grating Multi‐Level Monitoring System

et al. 2022

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Groundwater responses measured from multiple wells at different depths are essential for delineating the aquifer heterogeneity using hydraulic tomography (HT). In general, conducting HT requires many wells because traditional well monitoring is usually partially open at a specific depth interval or is fully penetrating. Accordingly, conducting an HT survey is typically costly and time-consuming. To tackle these issues, a new multi-level monitoring system (MLMS) for the HT survey was developed using the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technique. This FBG MLMS could collect the depth-discrete groundwater observations from a fully penetrated 2-inch well. Three field campaigns were conducted to validate the capability of the FBG MLMS for HT surveys. The results show that the accuracy and stability of this MLMS are reliable and that FBG MLMS is beneficial for conducting an HT survey. Specifically, compared to the traditional monitoring well in an injection event, this FBG MLMS can concurrently cause an increase in the number of cross-hole tests several times and collect many more head observations than the standard methods, resulting in the observed flow fields efficiently reaching ergodic conditions and effectively improving the accuracy of the estimated hydraulic heterogeneity. Therefore, the FBG MLMS could be an alternative MLMS for efficiently and economically conducting an HT survey.

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“…This research commenced through a partnership with the Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation (CNUFN) in an effort to develop an SWP plan for the community that included both technical and Indigenous knowledge. A community water protection committee was initiated, and the committee decided to seek out a partnership with a team of water resources engineering researchers from the University of Guelph for technical support (e.g., conducting groundwater contamination studies [34]). A community-based researcher (CBR) was hired, and as the committee began exploring its options for SWP, it became clear that research methods that went beyond the technical studies were needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This research follows the work of other scholars [32,44] by linking Indigenous and Western research methods through a Two-Eyed Seeing approach, which is "to see from one eye with the strengths of Indigenous ways of knowing, and to see from the other eye the strengths of Western ways of knowing, and to use both of these eyes together" [45] (p. 335). Throughout the multifaceted research process (i.e., technical groundwater studies [34], committee meetings, community engagement, interviews and focus group, creation of a Story Map, etc. ), the CBR coordinated and co-conducted research in the community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving towards Effective First Nations’ Source Water Protection: Barriers, Opportunities, and a Framework

Marshall

Desjardine

Levison

et al. 2020

Water

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It is well known that watershed-based source water protection programs are integral to the provision of clean drinking water. However, the involvement of Indigenous communities in these programs is very limited in Canada, which has contributed to the vulnerability of Indigenous source waters to contamination. Through a partnership with an Anishinaabe community, this research aimed to identify challenges and opportunities for communities and practitioners to improve the protection of Indigenous source waters in the province of Ontario. The methodology followed the Indigenous research principles of relationship, respect, relevance, reciprocity, and responsibility. Interviews and a youth focus group were conducted with Indigenous community members and practitioners from industry, academia, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and government. Analysis was conducted using an iterative process to develop codes and themes in the qualitative data analysis software NVivo. Results indicated that issues with scale, jurisdiction, the concept of source water protection, representation, funding, and capacity impact efforts to protect Indigenous source waters. Hopeful recent developments and upcoming opportunities were identified, and a water protection framework for First Nation communities in Ontario was developed in partnership with an Anishinaabe water protection committee. Recommendations are provided to multiple sectors for moving forward respectfully, and effectively, towards the protection of Indigenous waters.

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Wastewater impacts on groundwater at a fractured sedimentary bedrock site in Ontario, Canada: implications for First Nations’ source-water protection

Cited by 13 publications

References 63 publications

Septic System Impacts on Source Water: Two Novel Field Tracer Experiments in Fractured Sedimentary Bedrock

Septic System Impacts on Source Water: Two Novel Field Tracer Experiments in Fractured Sedimentary Bedrock

Aquifer Characterization Using Fiber Bragg Grating Multi‐Level Monitoring System

Moving towards Effective First Nations’ Source Water Protection: Barriers, Opportunities, and a Framework

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