Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Different Stages of Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Santa Fe, Argentina

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic affected human life at every level. In this study, we analyzed genetic markers (N and ORF1ab, RNA genes) of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic wastewaters (DWW) in San Justo City (Santa Fe, Argentina), using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR. Out of the 30 analyzed samples, 30% were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Of the total positive samples, 77% correspond to untreated DWW, 23% to pre-chlorination, and no SARS-CoV-2 RNA was registered at the post-chlorination sampling site. The viral loads of N and OFR1ab genes decreased significantly along the treatment process, and the increase in the number of viral copies of the N gene could anticipate, by 6 days, the number of clinical cases in the population. The concentration of chlorine recommended by the WHO (≥ 0.5 mg L −1 after at least 30 min of contact time at pH 8.0) successfully removed SARS-CoV-2 RNA from DWW. The efficiency of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) confirms the need to control and increase DWW treatment systems on a regional and global scale. This work could contribute to building a network for WBE to monitor SARS-CoV-2 in wastewaters during the pandemic waves and the epidemic remission phase. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-022-05772-w.

Wastewater monitoring of SARS‐CoV‐2 gene for COVID‐19 epidemiological surveillance in Tucumán, Argentina

“…The present work is part of a federal research program aimed at examining wastewater to evaluate the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Argentina during the pandemic. The investigations provided epidemiological data concerning different provinces; Buenos Aires [41,52], Mendoza [47], Santa Fé [53], Córdoba [54], and Salta [55,56]. It is the first and so far the only surveillance program carried out in the Province of Tucumán to develop a strategy for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in urban wastewater.…”

Wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 gene for COVID-19 epidemiological surveillance in Tucumán Argentina

“…The present article is part of a federal research program aimed at examining wastewater to evaluate the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Argentina during the pandemic. The investigations provided epidemiological data concerning different provinces, Buenos Aires (Barrios et al, 2021; Iglesias et al, 2021), Santa Fé (Reno et al, 2022), Mendoza (Giraud-Billoud, et al, 2021), Córdoba (Masachessi et al, 2022), Salta (Cruz et al, 2023; Maidana-Kulesza, et al, 2022). It is the first surveillance report carried out in the Province of Tucumán to develop a strategy for detecting SARS-CoV-2 at the city level from wastewater.…”