Wastes from pulp and paper mills - a review of generation and recycling alternatives

Simão, Lisandro; Hotza, Dachamir; Raupp-Pereira, F.; Labrincha, J.A.; Montedo, Oscar Rubem Klegues

doi:10.1590/0366-69132018643712414

Cited by 93 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Today, cellulose-containing waste is a valuable source of recyclable materials, which are widely used to obtain a number of national economic products [8]. However, household waste paper and paperboard of poor quality usually contain bitumen, wax, paraffin, glue and other impurities, clogging nets and cloth of paper machines, sticking to the surface of the drying cylinders [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of using solid cellulose-containing domestic wastes for production of bioethanol

et al. 2020

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In this paper, we consider the process of producing biogas with a high methane content when used as a co-substrate for fermentation of plant residues of microalgae. Microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana are a valuable source for obtaining valuable components such as lipids, pigments, proteins, chlorophyll and others. After the extraction of valuable components, residual biomass is formed, which requires further disposal. In this experiment, the digestion process is carried out using an inoculant — lyophilically dried activated sludge from sewage treatment plants in Hamburg in the amount of 450 ml and residual biomass of the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana in the amount of 2.1 g. The studies were carried out in the Anaerobes Test system AMPT-II system. Fermentation produces 205 ml of methane gas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of using solid cellulose-containing domestic wastes for production of bioethanol

et al. 2020

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“…The remaining combustion residue, which agglomerates and settles down at the bottom of the furnace, is called bottom ash (or boiler ash). The fly ash consists of fine particulates and precipitated volatiles, typically with a high specific surface area, whereas bottom ashes tend to be coarser in texture [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…">Solid Waste Generation and Management in Pulp and Paper MillsThe production rates of solid wastes and sludge in pulp and paper mills as well as their properties are significantly influenced by pulp manufacturing processes and wastewater treatment technologies [24,25]. Commercial pulping operations are generally categorized as chemical and mechanical, among which the chemical process accounts for the maximum wood pulp production [25]. Kraft pulping is a lignocellulose process for pulp manufacturing, and it is dominant over other chemical pulping processes (viz.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pulp and Paper Mill Fly Ash: A Review

Cherian

Siddiqua

2019

Sustainability

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The continual growth of pulp and paper industry has led to the generation of tremendous volumes of fly ash as byproducts of biomass combustion processes. Commonly, a major part of it is landfilled; however, updated environmental regulations have tended to restrict the landfilling of fly ash due to rising disposal costs and the scarcity of suitable land. The pulp and paper industries are therefore urgently seeking energy-efficient mechanisms and management for the beneficial use of fly ash in an ecological and economical manner. This paper offers a comprehensive review of existing knowledge on the major physicochemical and toxicological properties of pulp and paper mill fly ash to assess its suitability for various bound and unbound applications. The current state of various methods used for the valorization of pulp and paper mill fly ash into more sustainable geomaterials is briefly discussed. This paper also presents promising and innovative applications for pulp and paper mill fly ash, with particular reference to agriculture and forestry, the construction and geotechnical industries, and the immobilization of contaminants. It was identified from a literature review that modified pulp and paper mill fly ash can be environmentally and economically advantageous over commercial coal-based fly ash in various sustainable applications.Sustainability 2019, 11, 4394 2 of 16 use of compost products, etc., are drawbacks of composting [10]. Contaminant-free PPFA has great significance as a soil liming agent and fertilizer in agriculture and forestry [6,11]; however, its direct application requires safety precautions due to its undesirable handling and spreading characteristics and associated health risks [12,13]. Further, high pH and electrical conductivity values of pore water in wood ash might have perturbing effects on the microbial community [14]. In order to withstand extreme conditions, the bacteria may enter a dormant stage, thereby decreasing the microbial population and diversity and ultimately disturbing the ecological balance. PPFA and value-added materials also have multifunctional engineering applications, such as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in concrete systems, aggregate in pavement construction, binder for soil stabilization, and adsorbent for the immobilization of toxic heavy metals [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Based on a statistical survey conducted on the management and utilization of boiler ashes generated at Canadian pulp and paper mills, it was reported that more than 50% of ash is landfilled, 20-25% is used as a soil amendment (direct application or compost), and less than 20% is used for other beneficial applications such as the construction of embankment fills, the stabilization of pavement layers, and the solidification of wastes. [1,2].This paper reviews the existing knowledge on physicochemical and toxicological properties of PPFA in order to assess its suitability as a sustainable geomaterial for various bound and unbound applications. The bound applications of fly ash in...

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“…The most common waste material generated in pulp and paper mills is ash, dregs, grits, pulp mill sludge, and a significant amount of wastewater depending on the type of processes used in the plant. In the past, these wastes were simply deposited on the landfills; however, with changes in regulation and with increased environmental awareness, new alternatives have been investigated, especially reappraising these materials as valuable [6]. Due to the numerous impurities, health hazards, and environmental risks present in wastewater, an effective cleaning measure has to be implemented [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation as a Potential Technology for Wastewater Management – An Example of Enhanced Nutrient Release from Secondary Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge

Sežun

Kosel

Zupanc

et al. 2019

SV-JME

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Wastewater recycling and sludge removal in the paper industry account for about 60 % of all process costs. New and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment techniques are, therefore, continually being developed. Cavitation exploitation is currently a well-investigated topic that is also interesting for the paper production industry. This study investigates efficiency of hydrodynamic cavitation alone and in combination with the addition of NaOH for the treatment of secondary pulp and paper mill sludge in order to enhance nutrient release. First, two laboratory-scale devices were tested: the blow-through and the rotating hydrodynamic cavitation generator. The latter set-up proved to be more efficient: therefore, further experiments were performed on its pilot-scale version. The results showed an increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs) by 514 mg/L, total nitrogen (Nt) by 17.4 mg/L, and total phosphorous (Pt) by 2.3 mg/L. To further increase nutrient release combination of cavitation and sludge sample alkalinization was tested. The addition of NaOH and 30 min cavitation of secondary sludge (500 L) significantly improved CODs and Nt release by 2400 mg/L and 120 mg/L, respectively. Microbiological photos revealed a definite disintegration of sludge flocks. According to our estimates, 1.9 kg of released CODs from alkaline pre-treated and cavitated sludge would cost only one euro.

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Wastes from pulp and paper mills - a review of generation and recycling alternatives

Cited by 93 publications

References 90 publications

Features of using solid cellulose-containing domestic wastes for production of bioethanol

Features of using solid cellulose-containing domestic wastes for production of bioethanol

Pulp and Paper Mill Fly Ash: A Review

Cavitation as a Potential Technology for Wastewater Management – An Example of Enhanced Nutrient Release from Secondary Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge

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