Waste Printed Circuit Boards recycling: an extensive assessment of current status

Ghosh, Balaram; Ghosh, Malay Kumar; Parhi, Pankaj Kumar; Mukherjee, Partha Sarathi; Mishra, B.K.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.024

Cited by 479 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Firstly, the components (relays, capacitors, etc.) were manually disassembled, then the waste PCBs were sent to comminute in a cutting mill (1) is subcritical water oxidation, while group (2) and (3) are supercritical water oxidation. The reactions were terminated by quenching the reactor in a cold water bath, then the obtained product was collected and centrifugated.…”

Section: Scwo Treatment Of Waste Pcbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel reutilization method for waste printed circuit boards as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for poly (vinyl chloride)

Xiu

Weng

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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h i g h l i g h t s• We report a novel electronic waste-based flame retardant for PVC.• The SCWO-treated PCBs significantly improves the flame retardancy of PVC.• The flame retardant mechanism of SCWO-treated PCBs was studied.• Appropriate amount flame retardant does not degrade the mechanical property of PVC. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tIn this study, a novel reutilization method for waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) was successfully testified. A supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) process was applied to treat waste PCBs before they could be used as flame retardants of PVC. The results indicated that SCWO conditions had a significant effect on the flame retarding and smoke suppressing properties of waste PCBs for PVC. Cu 2 O, CuO, and SnO 2 were the main active ingredients in waste PCBs-derived flame retardants. A conversion of Cu elements (Cu 0 → Cu + → Cu 2+ ) during SCWO process with the increase of reaction temperature was found to be the key influence factor for the flame retarding properties of SCWO-treated PCBs. The experiment results also showed that there was a synergistic effect of flame retardancy between Cu + and Cu 2+ . After the optimized SCWO treatment, SCWO-treated PCBs significantly improved the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of PVC. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) and char yield (CY) increased with increasing SCWO-treated PCBs content in PVC, while smoke density rating (SDR) and maximum smoke density (MSD) decreased markedly. The mechanical properties of PVC samples were influenced in different degree by adding different content SCWO-treated PCBs.

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Section: Scwo Treatment Of Waste Pcbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the fundamental part in most WEEE, waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) consisted of metals and nonmetal portions such as copper, tin, lead, gold, silver, and brominated resin [2][3][4][5]. In general, waste PCBs can be regarded as resources from the economic perspectives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel reutilization method for waste printed circuit boards as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for poly (vinyl chloride)

Xiu

Weng

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…However, current WEEE directives do not adequately manage neither their recovery process nor the required purity level of output materials [6,23]. In addition, the existing economic models assessing the profitability of recycling plants are very few and three main issues characterize them: (i) the limited set of application fields [24]; (ii) the absence of standard materials composition of PCBs taken into account [16] and (iii) the focus on a particular phase of the process, considering both costs and revenue performance [25].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even if the sustainability of WPCB recycling processes is a timely topic in the literature [13][14][15], their economic implications are rarely analysed by the experts [16,17]. Given the limited set of application fields and the relevant growth of WEEE, this paper proposes a feasibility analysis on the recovery process of PCBs from WEEE trying to follow multiple aims.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management: A Profitability Assessment in Three European Countries

2016

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Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is known as an important source of secondary raw materials. Since decades, its treatment allowed to recover great amounts of basic resources. However, the management of electronic components embedded in WEEE still presents many challenges. The purpose of the paper is to cope with some of these challenges through the definition of an economic model able to identify the presence of profitability within the recovery process of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). To this aim, a set of common economic indexes is used within the paper. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis on a set of critical variables is conducted to evaluate their impact on the results. Finally, the combination of predicted WEEE volumes (collected during the 2015-2030 period) in three European countries (Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom) and related economic indexes quantify the potential advantage coming from the recovery of this kind of waste in the next future.

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“…Economic benefits directly emerge by attending to the issue of responsible and ethical use of materials. As an example, consider research efforts into capturing economic value out of the "red mud" discarded as a waste product from the refining of bauxite into alumina [4], or the harvesting of precious metals from electronic waste [5]. Indeed, governments, consumers and businesses alike are aware of the benefits of recycling and companies and community facilities exist to coordinate the redemption of economic value to products that would otherwise be discarded as waste (e.g., aluminum, can, and glass bottle recycling).…”

Section: Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Materials Sustainability through Materials Stewardship

Taylor¹,

Gully²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2016

Sustainability

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Waste Printed Circuit Boards recycling: an extensive assessment of current status

Cited by 479 publications

References 154 publications

A novel reutilization method for waste printed circuit boards as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for poly (vinyl chloride)

A novel reutilization method for waste printed circuit boards as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for poly (vinyl chloride)

Challenges in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management: A Profitability Assessment in Three European Countries

Towards Materials Sustainability through Materials Stewardship

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