Waste Management in Lebanon—Tripoli Case Study

Halwani, Jalal; Halwani, Bouchra; Amine, Hilmiya; Kabbara, Mohammad Bachir

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18350-9_11

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The low level of social norms can be explained by low behavioural compliance since only about 26% of the households declared they separated waste at home. The low behavioural compliance is consistent with reports and studies conducted in Lebanon [ 20 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Solid waste mismanagement is a constant problem for Lebanon, a small LMIC in the Eastern Mediterranean region facing a waste management crisis since 2015 due to a lack of proper infrastructure and political instabilities [ 18 , 19 ]. Recent estimates show that approximately 2000 tons of municipal solid waste are produced annually, consisting of about 55% organic waste and 37% recyclable materials [ 20 , 21 ]; in addition, only 8% of recyclables are recycled [ 22 ]. Due to political instability, the longevity and productivity of currently applied models are constantly being tested by the country’s alternating social, environmental, and economic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting the Intention to Sort Waste at Home in Rural Communities in Lebanon: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Bardus

Massoud

2022

IJERPH

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Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Lebanon have limited technical, economic, and social infrastructures to manage municipal solid waste properly. Understanding what motivates citizens to sort waste at home is paramount to designing effective, efficient, and equitable waste management interventions. Within the solid waste management project “RES-Q” in Southern Lebanon, we investigated the socio-cognitive predictors of waste sorting in a sample of 767 households from the targeted area using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Perceived behavioural control (β = 0.96, p < 0.001), perceived norms (β = −0.30, p < 0.001), and current behaviour (β = 0.06, p < 0.001) were the strongest predictors of intention; attitude toward separating waste was not a significant predictor (β = 0.04, p = 0.3881). Consequently, future behavioural interventions should build capability and opportunity to perform the behaviour before normalising it. For example, citizens should receive bins and bags to separate waste and be shown how to perform the behaviour and how easy and convenient it is to increase their behavioural control. In parallel, waste collection and treatment infrastructures must be in place so that citizens can see that sorting waste is a social norm. These actions will ensure the success of future behavioural interventions within the RES-Q project and beyond.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Intention to Sort Waste at Home in Rural Communities in Lebanon: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Bardus

Massoud

2022

IJERPH

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“…Six sampling campaigns were performed in the new section of land ll, and four sampling campaigns were performed in the old section due to the drying of leachate during summer. The drying contribute to the sorting of organic matter from land lled waste and/or the deviation of leachate ow rate caused by the damage of periphery wall in section A (Halwani et al 2020).…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Open dumps and uncontrolled land lls are dominant in Lebanon especially in big cities like Beirut and Tripoli (Idowu et al, 2019). The inappropriate strategy of waste in Lebanon is characterized by the absence of waste sorting and recycling policy (Halwani et al, 2020). Due to the dumping of many hazard waste into land lls, such as unused pharmaceutical product, medical waste, personal care product, paints, pesticides, plastics, electronic materials, and nylon, the land ll leachate constitute an important source of organic pollutants like PAHs, PCB, PAEs and phenols (Crawford & Quinn, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

55 xenobiotic organic compounds in Tripoli landfill-Lebanon leachate and their fluxes to the Abou Ali River and Mediterranean Sea

Moustafa

Hamzeh

Baroudi

et al. 2022

Environ Monit Assess

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Pollution generated from land ll solid wastes constitute one of the major threat to the environment. The land ll leachate contains various toxic pollutants, making it the most dangerous issue of the land lls. Monitoring the xenobiotic organic concentrations in land ll leachate is an important step to evaluate the environmental impacts. This work aims to monitor the concentration of organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), and bisphenols (BPs) in leachate samples collected from the old and new units of Tripoli land ll-Lebanon. The organic pollutants were extracted by using the solid-phase extraction and quanti ed by using GC-MS/MS. The results showed high level of PAEs, BPs, PCBs and PAHs in the leachate samples.The uxes of pollutants to the Abou Ali River and Mediterranean Sea have been detected at 0.23 kg, 0.01

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“…With the financial support from the European Union, a sorting and composting facility was built by the Office of the Minister of State for Administrative Reform (OMSAR) near the dumpsite area in Tripoli, Lebanon's second capital, with a capacity of 420 tons per day. However, its operation was halted after various complaints by citizens about its foul odour emission, weak recycle percentage (less than 5%) and bad quality of compost produced (Halwani et al, 2020). Various start-ups are emerging in Lebanon to solve the biogenous waste management problems and composting challenges.…”

Section: Lebanonmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on waste management and compost production in the Middle East–North Africa region

Hussein¹,

Uren²,

Rekik

et al. 2021

Waste Manag Res

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Over the last two decades, solid waste management in the Middle East–North Africa (MENA) region has been one of the major challenges due to increasing solid waste quantities and poor waste management practices. With the tremendously increasing amounts of organic waste, MENA countries are under great pressure and are facing the threats of acute air pollution, contamination of water bodies and climate change. As a result, these countries are adopting different methods to cope with this rising challenge of waste management, including composting. This review reports on the different MENA countries’ organic waste quantities, disposal methods, organic waste management practices and challenges, along with the potential use and demand of compost, where information is available. The reported data are from 2009 to 2021, with the bulk of the papers being from 2014 and onwards. The total amount of municipal waste collected in the 21 countries ranged from 0.56 million tons in Mauritania to 90 million tons in Egypt, with an average of 16.42 million tons, equivalent to 1.08 kg per capita waste generation per day. Around 55% of this material is biogenous. Many treatments and repurposing methods of this material are adopted in the MENA region, mainly through composting, as it presents one of the most sustainable solutions that lead to immediate climate change mitigation. This article also presents the biotic and abiotic stressors faced by this region, which in turn affect the successful implementation of composting solutions, and proposes some solutions based on different studies conducted.

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Waste Management in Lebanon—Tripoli Case Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Predicting the Intention to Sort Waste at Home in Rural Communities in Lebanon: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Predicting the Intention to Sort Waste at Home in Rural Communities in Lebanon: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

55 xenobiotic organic compounds in Tripoli landfill-Lebanon leachate and their fluxes to the Abou Ali River and Mediterranean Sea

A review on waste management and compost production in the Middle East–North Africa region

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