Waste Management in Green and Smart Cities: A Case Study of Russia

Abstract

This article aims to investigate the role of waste management in the development of modern green and smart cities and to determine the existence of several key points in programs transforming cities into green cities with smart technologies. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to develop a theoretical and methodological basis for the green and smart city concepts. The research process involved the following methods: Scientific analysis, comparison, and synthesis. The research results of the case study of Russia determined that for urban territories with great distances between urban districts, waste sorting stations should be located as parts of so-called waste recycling complexes at intermunicipal landfills. This will allow a more fully implementation of the concept of recycling economy not only in Russian cities, but also in other cities with sparse populations across the world. Further, the authors conclude that the effectiveness of green technologies in modern cities, especially in waste management, depends on the level of participation of citizens. People are active participants in the life processes of cities and have a direct impact on the urban environment. Consequently, the introduction of green technologies can only be achieved in harmony with the well-established behavioral attitudes of city residents together with the implementation of green and smart urban technologies.

Blockchain for Waste Management in Smart Cities: A Survey

“…Such waste is often sent to landfills, waste recycling facilities, composters, and waste to energy generation plants. Tracing and tracking features can be useful to verify the authenticity of data and ethical practices involved in the collection, processing, and shipment of smart cities waste [30][31][32][33]. These features assist in monitoring the current location and state of the waste during their collection, segregation, shipment, treatment, and disposal or recycling.…”

“…Blockchain technology has shown a great role to bring trust, security, fairness, operational transparency, and audit features to existing affairs of waste management handling in smart cities. It can assist the authorities to verify that the hazardous waste is properly disinfected before it is disposed of at a recycling center to minimize the chances of disease spreading [30,38,56]. The disposed of material at the recycling center can be sold to the manufacturers to manufacture new products.…”

IoT and Big Data Applications in Smart Cities: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Critical Issues

“…Most of the cities are challenged by urban waste collection and they continuously try to develop a more efficient waste management system. Therefore, a smart waste management system is of crucial significance in a smart city [40].…”

Blockchain for Waste Management in Smart Cities: A Survey

“…After the expiry of such electronic devices, they should be recycled or disposed of responsibly at authorized E-waste recycling plants. For instance, many smartphone devices contain expensive lithium and cobalt materials that could be reused after smartphone expiry to manufacture new products [30]. Therefore, reliably channelizing the E-waste can lead to a pollution-free smart city.…”