Waste Management and Environmental Protection for Community Sustainable Development in Nigeria

Abstract

Waste, environmental protection and community sustainability are products of development, and most daily activities of human beings generate waste. The negative consequences of economic development have long been observed by eminent economic theorists, such as Smith, Marx, Malthus, Ricardo and Mill (Clarin, 2018). There are some indicators that show that most countries have failed to achieve sustainable development, and some countries are far from it. There has also been a growing concern about the environmental limit to growth and development as well as the imperative of environmental quality and management. As a result, this paper firstly conceptualized the following terms-“Waste”,“Waste Management”,“Environment”, “Environmental Sustainability”, Community, Community Sustainability, and Sustainable Development. The paper further discussed the composition of waste materials in Nigeria. It again examined various international and national measures or activities taken in relation to the concept of community sustainable development. The scholars in addition discussed the rationale for environmental protection and the negative impacts of waste on Nigerian environment. Furthermore, several measures taken internationally and nationally to ameliorate the negative impacts of wastes on environment were concisely discussed.

Entrepreneurial ecosystem for cooperatives: The case of Kyrgyz agricultural cooperatives

“…Some scholars have identified various barriers to cooperatives’ development, including the “entrepreneurial problem” and costs associated with collective decision‐making (Cornforth & Thomas, 1990; Nilsson et al., 2016). Other studies focused on different aspects of cooperatives’ development, such as policies and legislative dimension (Rowe et al., 2018; Uzun, 2005), governance costs (Nilsson et al., 2016), knowledge and education (Fontanari & Sacchetti, 2019), leadership (Hejkrlik et al., 2021; Uzoagu, 2019), and historical legacies (Avsec & Štromajer, 2014; Gardner & Lerman, 2006). Some researchers have identified the key success factors of agricultural cooperatives’ development that included ownership structure, membership policy, voting rights, governance structures, residual claim rights (Chaddad & Cook, 2004), stable legal environment, presence of a leader, government financial and technical support (Garnevska et al., 2011), internal organization, the institutional environment, supply chains and market strategies (Bijman & Iliopoulos, 2014), social capital, solutions to excessive heterogeneity‐induced high ownership costs, tinkering, cooperative genius, and capacity to adapt to shocks and changes (Iliopoulos & Valentinov, 2018), and organizational, financial, operating keys to success (Sexton & Iskow, 1988).…”