Waste Liquid-Crystal Display Glass-Directed Fabrication of Silicon Particles for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Abstract

The rapid increase of waste liquid-crystal display (LCD) is becoming a serious problem. Among the constituents of waste LCD panels, glass substrates are not completely recycled and buried in landfills because of the lack of recycling technologies. In order to establish a recycling strategy with sustainable process and application, we fabricated silicon (Si) materials into lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes through the magnesiothermic reduction of waste LCD glasses. To synthesize high-quality Si materials, an optimized pretreatment process is proposed to remove undesirable contents from waste LCD glasses. In order to achieve high areal capacity for practical applications, we conducted facile and cost-effective electrode maturation, which improves the cohesion and adhesion of the Si anodes. The electrochemical measurement results showed that the waste LCD glass-derived Si electrodes exhibited high areal and gravimetric capacities of 6.3 mA h cm–2 and 3438 mA h g–1, respectively, in the initial cycle. The electrodes maintained a high areal capacity of 3.1 mA h cm–2 during the 100th cycle. This reduced Si materials and electrode-manufacturing process can be a cost-effective and sustainable recycling technology for waste LCD glass management and anode materials for LIBs.

Vertically aligned Si@reduced graphene oxide frameworks for binder‐free high‐areal‐capacity Li‐ion battery anodes

“…VA-Si@rGO exhibited a constant voltage plateau below 0.11 V, resulting in a high discharge capacity of 3.06 Ah g −1 during the first cycle, which indicates that VA-Si@rGO consisted of crystalline Si phases. 22 However, similar to the half-cell performance of the pure Si anodes reported previously, the performance of the electrode was associated with low reversibility in the form of a low initial reversible capacity of 1.01 mAh g −1 , owing to its low electrical conductivity. 23 After the first cycle, specific capacities of the VA-Si@rGO electrode continuously decayed, resulting in a low reversible capacity of 0.42 Ah g −1 during the fifth cycle, which indicates that the VA-Si@rGO anodes were gradually pulverized by the large volume expansion of the Si phase in VA-Si@rGO during the cycling test.…”

“…Note that the carbon content in each electrode was investigated by elemental analysis, and the results are given in Table S1. VA‐Si@rGO exhibited a constant voltage plateau below 0.11 V, resulting in a high discharge capacity of 3.06 Ah g −1 during the first cycle, which indicates that VA‐Si@rGO consisted of crystalline Si phases 22 . However, similar to the half‐cell performance of the pure Si anodes reported previously, the performance of the electrode was associated with low reversibility in the form of a low initial reversible capacity of 1.01 mAh g −1 , owing to its low electrical conductivity 23 .…”

Metal‐oxide nanomaterials recycled from E‐waste and metal industries: A concise review of applications in energy storage, catalysis, and sensing

“…B, (a‐h) processing of Fe 3 O 4 ‐carbon microparticles, image adapted with permission from Ref. 26, Copyright 2018 Wiley, C, TEM images showing the comparison of raw red mud in the raw, unprocessed state (a‐b) and (c‐d) after 10‐hour ball milling, spherical NPs have been obtained, image adapted with permission from Ref. 29, Copyright 2019 Wiley [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

“…The supply of liquid‐crystal display (LCD) screens reached 683.5 million units in 2016, and discarded units are often incinerated or buried in landfills. Kang et al 26 used such waste LCDs as a promising source of silicon NPs for lithium‐ion battery anodes. Initially, they crushed and sieved the waste LCD glass through a 200 mesh into a fine powder.…”

“…A, Device schematic (a) and (b‐h) application of waste‐derived carbon‐Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite as a supercapacitor device for glowing an LED (adapted with permission from Ref. 26, Copyright 2018 Wiley). B, Ragone plot demonstrating that waste‐based red mud and waste FeO x show superior behavior as supercapacitors to non‐waste based AC/FCO (mixed metal)‐based and RuO 2 supercapacitors (adapted with permission from Ref.…”