Waste Leather Scrap Hydrolysate: A High-Quality Multidentate Ligand for In Situ Growth of Highly Stable CsSnCl₃ Perovskite Nanocrystals

Abstract

Lead-based perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are controversial because of their high lead content. Tin is a promising candidate for constructing lead-free perovskite NCs owing to its similar outermost electronic structure with lead. However, the environmental stability of tin-based perovskite NCs is poor, which hinders their commercial applications. Herein, CsSnCl 3 NCs were synthesized via an in situ method with the addition of a hydrolysate of waste leather scraps. The as-synthesized NCs have excellent water resistance, ultraviolet resistance, oxidation resistance, and mildew resistance. The remaining fluorescence intensity of CsSnCl 3 is still above 70% within 72 h when treated with water and ultraviolet rays, which means that the rich active groups in the hydrolysate of waste leather scraps can be used as multidentate ligands to passivate the CsSnCl 3 NCs, and the long molecular chain of the hydrolysate of waste leather scraps can wrap the CsSnCl 3 NCs, isolate the environment, and further improve its stability.

NondemandingIn SituEncapsulation Route to Ultrastable Perovskite Nanocrystals for White Light-Emitting Diodes

“…Surfacecapping ligand engineering based on small molecules (e.g., semiconducting molecule, 46 metal complex, 47 organic sulfonium bromide, 48 inorganic metal salt, 49 and zwitterionic molecule 50 ) was identified as another efficacious approach for strongly anchoring on the PNCs to repair the surface defects of PNCs, thereby addressing the ligand thermodynamic instability issue of originally capped oleylamine (OAm) or oleic acid (OA) while increasing the various stabilities of PNCs (even in water 51 ) with high PLQY. 52,53 Although the stability of PNCs synthesized from this approach may not be as high as that of PNCs fabricated from inorganic coating strategies because PNCs were not fully covered by insulating ligands, a reasonable balance was made between the structural stability and electron/hole transportation property, which was essential for the high-performance PNC-based optoelectronics. 54,55 Moreover, macromolecule passivation, including polyimide, 56 polyacrylonitrile, 57 and polyfluorene suppressing the halide ion migration, 58 was found to be equally advantageous to enhancing PNC stability by suppressing the halide ion migration or forming coordination interaction for potential applications in CO 2 conversion, wide-color gamut displays, light-emitting diode (LED) devices, 59 and stretchable displays.…”

“…by constructing inert shielding on the surface of PNCs to prevent the perovskite crystal structure from being damaged by external perturbations and preserve optical properties. Surface-capping ligand engineering based on small molecules (e.g., semiconducting molecule, metal complex, organic sulfonium bromide, inorganic metal salt, and zwitterionic molecule) was identified as another efficacious approach for strongly anchoring on the PNCs to repair the surface defects of PNCs, thereby addressing the ligand thermodynamic instability issue of originally capped oleylamine (OAm) or oleic acid (OA) while increasing the various stabilities of PNCs (even in water) with high PLQY. , Although the stability of PNCs synthesized from this approach may not be as high as that of PNCs fabricated from inorganic coating strategies because PNCs were not fully covered by insulating ligands, a reasonable balance was made between the structural stability and electron/hole transportation property, which was essential for the high-performance PNC-based optoelectronics. , Moreover, macromolecule passivation, including polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, and polyfluorene suppressing the halide ion migration, was found to be equally advantageous to enhancing PNC stability by suppressing the halide ion migration or forming coordination interaction for potential applications in CO 2 conversion, wide-color gamut displays, light-emitting diode (LED) devices, and stretchable displays. , In addition to homopolymers, well-defined synthetic linear − and star-like block copolymers with controlled molecular weight, pre-designed compositional architecture, and functionality were utilized to obtain highly stable PNCs owing to their ability to coordinate with surface atoms on PNCs to maintain colloidal stability, fill the traps to achieve the high PLQY, and form a condense protection shield on PNCs to maintain moisture stability. Apart from stability enhancing strategies via surface coating or surface ligand engineering, substitution of the A or B site element in the perovskite structure with dopants, , generation of a halide-rich surface, and in situ formation in the natural product were also proven to be effective for preserving perovskite phase stability and thermal stability without sacrificing the optical property, which were favorable to PNC-related devices requiring excellent charge-transport properties.…”

Selective fluorescence sensor for Fe3+ based on in situ synthesis of CsSnCl3 perovskite quantum dots with bone gelatin

“…19 Furthermore, ionic liquids can enhance carrier mobility, improve the stability of QDs and photoelectrical characteristics. 20 Most notably, ionic liquids containing halogen ions as anions can provide a halogen-rich environment for QDs, in which the formation of halogen vacancies on the surface of QDs can be effectively inhibited, and the stability of QDs can then be improved. Certain antioxidant capabilities of some ionic liquids are believed to limit the oxidation of Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ .…”

“…Because it effectively destroys the hydrogen link network structure of natural polymers, ionic liquids are expected to have a strong dissolution effect on bone gelatin 19 . Furthermore, ionic liquids can enhance carrier mobility, improve the stability of QDs and photoelectrical characteristics 20 . Most notably, ionic liquids containing halogen ions as anions can provide a halogen‐rich environment for QDs, in which the formation of halogen vacancies on the surface of QDs can be effectively inhibited, and the stability of QDs can then be improved.…”