Waste Generation Models for Solid Waste Collection

Grossman, Donald; Hudson, James F.; Marks, David H.

doi:10.1061/jeegav.0000272

Cited by 35 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Since the amount of municipal waste is closely related to the number of inhabitants, it is necessary to know not only demographic trends, but also changes in the amount and fractions of municipal waste and these amounts are closely related to the standard of living, i.e., the level of residents' income [2][3][4][5][6]. For many years, attempts have been made to model and predict the quantity and fractions of municipal waste [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Various types of models were used-regression [19,20], stochastic [21,22] or with the use of artificial neural networks [23,24], often with good results, close to reality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Municipal Solid Waste Mass Balance as a Tool for Calculation of the Possibility of Implementing the Circular Economy Concept

2021

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Municipal waste management system modeling based on the mass balance of individual waste streams allows us to answer the question of how the system will react to organizational changes, e.g., to the expected reduction in the amount of plastics or the introduction of a deposit for glass and/or plastic packaging. Based on the data on Polish municipal solid waste and the forecast of changes in its quantity and composition, as well as demographic data, a balance model was prepared to assess the impact of introducing higher and higher levels of recycling, in accordance with the circular economy assumptions on the waste management system. It has been shown that, for the Polish composition of municipal waste, even if the assumed recycling levels of individual streams are achieved, achieving the general target level of 65% recycling in 2025/30 may not be feasible. The possibility of achieving a higher level of recycling will be possible due the introduction of selective ash collection from individual home furnaces, while the impact of reducing the amount of plastics or introducing a deposit on packaging is minimal. The calculations also showed that, to complete the waste management system in Poland, we need at least 3.5 million Mg/year of incineration processing capacity and the present state (approx. 1.3 million Mg/year) is insufficient.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Municipal Solid Waste Mass Balance as a Tool for Calculation of the Possibility of Implementing the Circular Economy Concept

2021

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“…Around the world, the generation of waste is increasing. The amount of waste generated by a country is proportional to its population and the mean living standards of the people (Grossmann et al, 1974). Furthermore, Medina (1997) indicated that the waste generation rates have a close relationship with the income levels of people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Management in Sri Lanka: Challenges and Opportunities

Dharmasiri¹

2019

Sri Lanka J. Adv. Soc. Stud.

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Most of the developing countries face the problem of managing waste properly. In 2012, cities world over, generated 1.3 billion tons of solid waste per year, amounting to a footprint of 1.2 kilograms per person, per day needless to state that with rapid population growth and urbanization, the municipal waste generation is expected to increase to 2.2 billion tons (MT) by 2025. Inadvertently, with the current trends continuing, it is likely to rise from 3.5 MTs to 6 MTs per day with, each person generating around 0.64 kg waste per day in Sri Lanka with an estimated 4.8 billion MT of waste collected per annum in the country. The main objective of this study is to examine the present situation of solid waste management in Sri Lanka whilst in determining the nature and extent of the problem, thereby identifying the challenges and opportunities towards maintaining a sustainable waste management system in the country. As a result, the study has identified several challenges, of which the absence of waste segregation, poor waste collection mechanisms and the lack of public commitment on waste management, to be some of the underlying causes of the prevailing issue. Thus, the prevailing system on waste collection, transportation and disposal aspects is nevertheless believed to be an issue that needs to be resolved. This is due to the lack of education and awareness amongst the public on waste management, the lack of technical knowledge and the absence of applying 3R principles. In this context, awareness through education and a changing in attitude of the public may be suggested as precautionary methods towards maintaining a sustainable waste management system. The participation of the public is to be quoted as essential, and it should be borne in mind, that this is not a feat that can be accomplished via a limited operation, but rather one which needs to be continued and maintained through ongoing efforts, in keeping the menace at a minimum. Thus, a new model for waste management is required for collection, transportation and the disposal of waste, which should not be harmful to the society nor to the environment. The existing waste management policy of the country should be further developed by considering the concept of zero waste, alternative waste management approaches like waste to energy, sanitary landfills and the acceleration of composting methodology, thereby leading the pathway towards enhanced sustainability.

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“…Regarding the second set of regressors, socio-economic factors may affect wasterelated activities in various ways. Grossmann et al (1974) and Al-Momani (1994) found that the relationships obtained among several socio-economic factors vary across countries. This has been attributed to variations in consumer behaviour and lifestyles (Stern et al 1995;Kaiser 1998;Kaiser et al 1999;Barr et al 2001a, b).…”

Section: Variable Choice and Theoretical Justificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The separate collection of recyclable waste materials as a flywheel for the circular economy: the role of institutional quality and socio-economic factors

2019

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The separate collection of individual recyclable waste materials is the basis for any recycling process. This produces important advantages, especially in terms of resource savings. This paper investigates the drivers of the separate collection process of recyclable materials (i.e., organic, paper, glass, plastic) and its total in the 103 Italian provinces (NUTS-3), in the years 2004-2011. Results show that the pillars of institutional quality (such as, voice and accountability, rule of law and regulatory quality), value added per capita and participation to ecological associations are important factors for an effective implementation of the waste separation process. In particular, these factors do matter for an effective collection of organic waste, paper, glass and plastic. Furthermore, the analysis shows marked differences among macroareas (North, Central and Southern Italy). Policy considerations are discussed.

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Waste Generation Models for Solid Waste Collection

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Municipal Solid Waste Mass Balance as a Tool for Calculation of the Possibility of Implementing the Circular Economy Concept

Municipal Solid Waste Mass Balance as a Tool for Calculation of the Possibility of Implementing the Circular Economy Concept

Waste Management in Sri Lanka: Challenges and Opportunities

The separate collection of recyclable waste materials as a flywheel for the circular economy: the role of institutional quality and socio-economic factors

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