Waste foundry sand/MgFe-layered double hydroxides composite material for efficient removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution

Abstract

We aimed to obtain magnesium/iron (Mg/fe)-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanoparticlesimmobilized on waste foundry sand-a byproduct of the metal casting industry. XRD and ft-iR tests were applied to characterize the prepared sorbent. The results revealed that a new peak reflected LDHs nanoparticles. In addition, SEM-EDS mapping confirmed that the coating process was appropriate. Sorption tests for the interaction of this sorbent with an aqueous solution contaminated with congo red dye revealed the efficacy of this material where the maximum adsorption capacity reached approximately 9127.08 mg/g. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models helped to describe the sorption measurements, indicating that the physical and chemical forces governed the removal process. The severity of water pollution has been resulted from the economic development adopted by human overall the world. The different industries such as textile, plastic, coating, and paper utilize the "dyes" in the different manufacturing stages 1-3 These compounds, even at extremely low concentrations can cause a significant contamination and, consequently, the destroying of the ecosystem elements 4-6. The continuous discharge of water contaminated with poisonous dyes to the environment can be formed a potential threat to the aquatic life and human health especially that the dyes are intrinsically toxic 7,8. Therefore, economical and highly efficient techniques need to be developed for treatment of the contaminated water 9-11. The presently available techniques include photocatalysis 12 , biodegradation 13 , chemical coagulation 14 , ion exchange 15-17 , and adsorption 18-22. The adsorption is one of the most valuable methods in the treatment of the aqueous solutions because of its high efficiency, ease of operation, low cost of operation, and easy desorption 23-25. The selection or fabrication of the adsorbents is the main operative point of adsorption, where these materials must be highly stable, low cost, environment-friendly, and definitely efficient 26,27. Until date, literatures have been reported different reactive materials containing activated carbon, zeolite, clay, chitosan, montmorillonite, and vermiculite 7. However, several disadvantages of these materials include the high cost, poor adsorption capacity, and low reuse rate, which limits their usage 28,29. Thus, finding more efficient, longer durability and low cost new adsorbents are a difficult but a vital task. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a type of layered anionic compound that is joined via a non-covalent bond-an interaction between non-framework interlayer anions and positively charged main lamellar. Its general formula is [M +2 1-x M +3 × (OH) 2 ] x + [An − x/n •mH 2 O] x − , where, M +3 is a trivalent metal ion such as Fe +3 , Cr +3 , Sc +3 , and Al +3 ; M +2 is divalent metal ions such as Mn +2 , Mg +2 , Ni +2 , and Zn +2 ; An − is an anion that balances the interlayer charge such as Cl − , OH − , NO 3 − , and CO 3 −2 ; x is the ratio of M +3 / (M +3 + M +2), var...

Mesoporous Carbons of Well-Organized Structure in the Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

“…As an alternative method, adsorption process in the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewaters can be used due to its simplicity, high efficiency, low costs, ease and flexibility of operation, easy desorption. In recent years, lots of novel adsorbents such as functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes [ 25 ], graphene oxide/clay nanocomposite [ 26 ], doped metal oxide [ 27 ] or derived from industrial solid wastes [ 28 ], agricultural solid wastes [ 29 , 30 ], biopolymers and their composites [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], sewage sludge [ 34 ], fly ash [ 35 ] have been reported in the literature. Although all the materials seem to be very promising, activated carbon is still the most common adsorbent for wastewaters treatment of in industrial plants contaminated with dyes.…”

Biogenic and chemically synthesized Solanum tuberosum peel–silver nanoparticle hybrid for the ultrasonic aided adsorption of bromophenol blue dye

“…In addition, activated carbon is widely used and commercially applied for dye decontamination, due to its impressive adsorption capacity 21 , but the high cost is a big limitation for its application 22 – 24 . The utilization of low-cost materials as suitable alternatives, such as biowastes 25 , chitosan based materials 26 , and natural inorganic materials 27 , 28 has gained attention recently. However, biomass waste materials are the preferred choice, owing to their abundance, low cost, biodegradability and efficiency 29 , 30 .…”

Removal of Cadmium from Contaminated Water Using Coated Chicken Bones with Double-Layer Hydroxide (Mg/Fe-LDH)

“…Then, 2 M of NaOH and 0.2 M of Na 2 CO 3 were added to the solution and stirred for one hour to attain a pH of 7. This step was followed by drying the obtained solids at a temperature of 80 • C for 24 h [34]. The coated media was applied to remove cadmium (Cd 2+ ) ions from synthetic water.…”

“…Figure 3 depicts the removal of Cd 2+ by both coated and uncoated chicken bone particles. It can be observed that two phases were involved in the metal sorption: the rapid sorption phase that involves passive surface reactions, such as chemical complexations (reaction between Cd 2+ ions and anion hydroxides forming the metal-ligand complex), or electrostatic sorption onto the surface of adsorbents [34,40]. In this rapid phase, a considerable rise in Cd 2+ removal was observed with the increase of contract time.…”