Waste Foundry Sand as Permeable and Low Permeable Barrier for Restriction of the Propagation of Lead and Nickel Ions in Groundwater

Abstract

This work aims to investigate the ability of using waste foundry sand (WFS) resulting as inexpensive by-product from steel industry in the low permeability barrier (LPB) and permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technologies for restriction of the movement of lead and nickel ions in the groundwater. Outputs of flask and tank tests certified that this material could capture these ions with sorption efficiency greater than 95% at time, pH, sorbent dosage, and speed equal to 60 min, 4 for lead and 6 for nickel, 2.5 g/100 mL, and 250 rpm, respectively. Sorption isotherm measurements were represented in a good manner by Langmuir model in comparison with Freundlich model with coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.99. So, the chemisorption was the predominant mechanism which could be supported by O-H, H-O-H, C-O, O-Si-O, and Si-O functional groups based on the Fourier transform infrared analysis. The maximum sorption capacity of WFS was 13.966 and 4.227 mg/g for lead and nickel ions, respectively, with corresponding affinities equal to 0.647 and 0.099 L/mg. Measurements signified that the hydraulic conductivity of WFS was 3.8 × 10−7 cm/s which satisfies the requirements of LPB. To obtain the acceptable values of permeability and reactivity, PRB was prepared from mixing 18% WFS with 82% filter sand. COMSOL software was able to simulate the measurements of two-dimensional tank packed with Iraqi soil aquifer in combination with WFS-LPB and WFS-filter sand PRB. Thicker barriers have a high ability in the protection of locations in the down-gradient side because their longevity increased dramatically with increase of barrier thickness.

Agricultural waste of sugarcane bagasse as efficient adsorbent for lead and nickel removal from untreated wastewater: Biosorption, equilibrium isotherms, kinetics and desorption studies

“…3 b). The removal efficiency of Ni (II) was greater than Pb (II) because the nickel ions had higher affinity towards the adsorbent [ 44 ]. This may be due to differences in molecular mass, ion charges, ionic radius, hydration energy, and electrostatic forces of the metal ions [ 8 , 64 ].…”

Reaction medium for permeable reactive barrier remediation of groundwater polluted by heavy metals

“…The mixing of ZVI with porous minerals not only increases the permeability coefficient, but also solves the blocking problem of PRB walls. According to the study of (Faisal et al, 2020), when the initial concentration of nickel is 8 mg L −1 , the life expectancy of the PRB system with ZVI/ pumice mixed material as the reaction medium is more than 26 months, while the life expectancy of the PRB system with only ZVI as the reaction medium is only 3.6 months. In addition, the pyrite/ZVI mixed material as a reaction medium can inhibit the increase of pH, promote the regeneration of Fe(II), and prolong the service life (Lü et al, 2018).…”

“…The cost of ZVI-containing fillers is relatively high. In order to improve the economics of PRB technology, solid wastes from agricultural or industrial production processes can be used as precursors to prepare PRB reaction medium (Faisal et al, 2020) mixed waste foundry sand (WFS) with a mass ratio of 82% and filter sand (FS) with a mass ratio of 18% as a reaction medium to treat wastewater containing lead and nickel. Among them, the removal mechanism of the former is mainly chemical adsorption, with the maximum adsorption capacities of 13.966 and 4.227 mg g −1 .…”

Controlling metal ion migration in contaminated groundwater with Iraqi clay barriers for water resource protection

“…[15][16][17] Numerous previous works have examined the efficacy of LPBs in restricting groundwater movement and, therefore, limiting the transport of contaminants in both real and simulated aquifers under various operational conditions. 18 Analytical solutions for calculating discharge and hydraulic head have been derived for steady groundwater ow in a two-dimensional domain in the presence of an impermeable barrier. These solutions were designed to evaluate the containment of the source zone of pollution or the contaminant plume through the use of extraction wells and a vertical barrier.…”