“…b. Recent Research Trends: When carbon QDs are doped with heteroatoms [51], such as nitrogen [52], both sulphur and nitrogen [53], zinc [54], lanthanum [55] and CuInS 2 [56], then their optical/photoluminescent properties are found to improve prominently for sensing applications.…”
Electrochemical sensors have been widely employed in diverse domains of electrochemical analysis, biosensing, drug administration, healthcare, agriculture, and so on because of their special potential features that are closely related to their high selectivity, sensitivity and cycling stability. Various electrochemical techniques employed to transduct biological or chemical signal to electrical signal are voltammetry, conductometry, potentiometry and amperometry. Due to the high demand of global market and human interest in having a device to check the concentration of species in different samples that is simple and fast, researchers have been engaged in a fierce competition to design and build new sensors and biosensors in recent years. The performance of the sensors can be considerably improved by modifying the electrode surfaces using diverse nanomaterials. Further, electrochemical biosensors are promising diagnostic tools that can find biomarkers in bodily fluids including sweat, urine, blood or excrement. Nanoparticles have found propitious role in biosensors, because they aid in functions like immobilisation of molecules, catalysis in electrosynthesis, facilitation of electron transfer between electrodes and biomolecules and labelling of biomolecules. The advance in the research amalgamating electrochemistry and nanotechnology for electro (bio) sensing applications is the beginning of a promising future for mankind and global market.
“…b. Recent Research Trends: When carbon QDs are doped with heteroatoms [51], such as nitrogen [52], both sulphur and nitrogen [53], zinc [54], lanthanum [55] and CuInS 2 [56], then their optical/photoluminescent properties are found to improve prominently for sensing applications.…”
Electrochemical sensors have been widely employed in diverse domains of electrochemical analysis, biosensing, drug administration, healthcare, agriculture, and so on because of their special potential features that are closely related to their high selectivity, sensitivity and cycling stability. Various electrochemical techniques employed to transduct biological or chemical signal to electrical signal are voltammetry, conductometry, potentiometry and amperometry. Due to the high demand of global market and human interest in having a device to check the concentration of species in different samples that is simple and fast, researchers have been engaged in a fierce competition to design and build new sensors and biosensors in recent years. The performance of the sensors can be considerably improved by modifying the electrode surfaces using diverse nanomaterials. Further, electrochemical biosensors are promising diagnostic tools that can find biomarkers in bodily fluids including sweat, urine, blood or excrement. Nanoparticles have found propitious role in biosensors, because they aid in functions like immobilisation of molecules, catalysis in electrosynthesis, facilitation of electron transfer between electrodes and biomolecules and labelling of biomolecules. The advance in the research amalgamating electrochemistry and nanotechnology for electro (bio) sensing applications is the beginning of a promising future for mankind and global market.
“…The prepared N-GQDs have an average diameter of 2–3 nm and can emit bright blue fluorescence, which achieved a good imaging application in a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) model with blue fluorescence in the cytoplasm and nuclear location. 245 Using citric acid as the precursor and l -glutamate as the N source, Wang et al prepared nitrogen-doped GQDs with bright blue emission using an ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal method. The synthetic N-GQDs have an average particle size of 2.65 nm and a QY of 54%, showing excellent photobleaching resistance and stability, and showing great bio-imaging potential when successfully used in BV2 cell imaging.…”
Section: Biological Applications Of Quantum Dotsmentioning
Quantum dots are an excellent choice for biomedical applications due to their special optical properties and quantum confinement effects. This paper reviews the research and application progress of several quantum...
“…In addition, the deconvoluted N 1s spectrum showed two peaks, which were ascribed to N-H 2 (398.52 eV) and N-C (400.48 eV) [40]. This indicated the the presence of both pyridine and pyrrolic N atoms on the surface of GQDs, which originated from the disintegration of large carbon and nitrogen cores, such as cellulose, proteins, pectin, citrulline, and carotenoids, and the re-formation of N atoms on the GQD surface [37,42]. These results were in good agreement with the FT-IR and Raman results, confirming that the simple one-pot hydrothermal technique could successfully synthesize GQDs in the presence of amide, hydroxyl, and carboxylic bonding groups.…”
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were synthesized using watermelon rind waste as a photoluminescent (PL) agent for ferric ion (Fe3+) detection and in vitro cellular bio-imaging. A green and simple one-pot hydrothermal technique was employed to prepare the GQDs. Their crystalline structures corresponded to the lattice fringe of graphene, possessing amide, hydroxyl, and carboxyl functional groups. The GQDs exhibited a relatively high quantum yield of approximately 37%. Prominent blue emission under UV excitation and highly selective PL quenching for Fe3+ were observed. Furthermore, Fe3+ could be detected at concentrations as low as 0.28 μM (limit of detection), allowing for high sensitivity toward Fe3+ detection in tap and drinking water samples. In the bio-imaging experiment, the GQDs exhibited a low cytotoxicity for the HeLa cells, and they were clearly illuminated at an excitation wavelength of 405 nm. These results can serve as the basis for developing an environment-friendly, simple, and cost-effective approach of using food waste by converting them into photoluminescent nanomaterials for the detection of metal ions in field water samples and biological cellular studies.
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