Washout/rainout contribution in wet deposition estimated by 0.5 mm precipitation sampling/analysis

Aikawa, Masahide; Hiraki, Takatoshi

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.057

Cited by 38 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The nitrate deposition in Dandong also showed the fifty-to-fifty percent contribution between the the rainout and the washout process in contrast to the strong washout contriburion found in Dalian at HSJ (70%) and GJZ (92%). Many of previous studies reported about one-thrid to two-thrid contributions to rainout and washout over rural and urban areas (Kitada et al, 1993;Liu and Huang, 1993;Aikawa and Hiraki, 2009;. In comparison with this study, it is obvious to note that the washout scaveging below-cloud in Dalian (GJZ) under high local emissions, is more significant than that in Dandong with relatively minor local emissions.…”

Section: Influence Of Washout and Rainoutmentioning

confidence: 48%

Source Identification of Acid Rain Arising over Northeast China: Observed Evidence and Model Simulation

Wang

Gbaguidi

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Acid rain has already been the environment issue for the past century and is still concerned in Southern and Eastern China. However, Northeastern China, considered in the past as non-acid rain area, is reported high frequency of acid rain occurred recently. Through a measurement and model simulation analysis with linear regression technique, factor speciation, backward trajectory, source-tracing and fraction sampling methods, this study aims to investigate the causes of the acid rain frequently occurred in the two Northeastern cities (i.e., Dandong and Dalian) and to identify the contributing sources of the chemical ions in precipitation. The annual averaged pH vwa of 2007 ranged within 4.15-4.27 and 4.5-5.15 over Dandong and Dalian, which suggested the similar acidity with Southern China. The precipitation acidity in Dandong was found to be sulfur dominant in winter-spring (nssSO 4 2-/NO 3 -= 13.1) than summer-autumn (nssSO 4 2-/NO 3 -= 1.05), whereas in Dalian, estimated ratio nssSO 4 2-/NO 3 -was about 2.35 all over the year, reflecting the strong impact of local NO x emissions from a much more intense mobile traffic in comparison with Dandong. The findings also revealed a typical physico-chemical condition with constant strong influence of regional transport over Dandong and Dalian particularly in summer. Besides, analysis of washout and rainout mechanisms showed that the long range transport in-cloud (rainout) was more pronounced in Dandong (with minor local emissions) than Dalian (with more significant local emissions). This study indicates that acid rain pollution in Northeastern China requires much effort, not only in local emission abatement, but also in regional trans-boundary pollution control.

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Section: Influence Of Washout and Rainoutmentioning

confidence: 48%

Source Identification of Acid Rain Arising over Northeast China: Observed Evidence and Model Simulation

Wang

Gbaguidi

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Similar cases were found at urban sites in NE. Previous studies confirmed there is a decreasing trend in the variations of chemical components in precipitation as the rainfall evolution (Aikawa and Hiraki, 2009;Aikawa et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2017). If the rainfall lasted long enough, or rainfall volume was large enough, the concentrations of chemical components in precipitation remained at low levels and were attributed to the effects of the in-cloud scavenging process.…”

Section: Yearly Comparison and Monthly Variation Of Oxidized Nmentioning

confidence: 86%

MICS-Asia III: Multi-model comparison of reactive Nitrogen deposition over China

Itahashi

Sato

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China has attracted huge public attention in recently years due to the increasing anthropogenic emission of reactive nitrogen (Nr) and its impacts on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, limited long-term and multi-site measurements have restrained the understanding on the mechanism of the Nr deposition as well as the chemical transport model (CTM) improvement. In this study, the performance of the simulated wet and dry deposition for different Nr species, i.e., particulate NO3− and NH4+, gaseous NOx, HNO3 and NH3, have been conducted using the framework of Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III. Nine Models, including 5 WRF-CAMQ models, 2 self-developed regional models, a global model and a RAMS-CMAQ model, have been selected for the comparison. For wet depositions, observation data from 83 measurement sites of EANET, CREN, CAUDN, NADMN and DEE of China have been collected and normalized to compare with model results. In general, most models showed the consistent spatial and temporal variation of both oxidized N (Nox) and reduced N (Nrd) wet depositions in China with the NME around at 50 %, which is lower than the value of 70 % based on EANET observation over Asia. Both the ratio of wet or dry deposition to the total inorganic N deposition (TIN) and the ratios of TIN to their emissions have shown the consistent results with the NNDMN estimations. The performance of ensemble results (ENM) was further assessed with the measurement from satellite. In different regions of China, the results showed that the simulated Nox wet deposition was overestimated in North East China (NE) but underestimated in south of China (SE+SW), while the Nrd wet deposition was underpredicted in all regions by all models. The deposition of Nox have large uncertainties than the Nrd especially in North China (NC), indicating chemical reaction process is one of the most importance factors that affecting the model performance. Compared to Critical load (CL) value, the Nr deposition in NC, SE and SW reached or exceeded the reported CL value and exerted serious ecological impacts. The control of Nrd in NC and SW and Nox in SE would be effective to mitigate the TIN deposition in these regions. More interestingly, the Nr deposition in Tibet plateau with the high ratio of TIN/emission (~3.0), indicating a significant import from outside should be focused in the future due to its climatical influence to the sensitive ecosystem in whole China.

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“…This process has been extensively modeled, particularly throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s, and the precise amount of pollution removed depends on a variety of factors including the size, shape, type, duration, and coverage of the precipitation, along with other factors such as wind speed, ceiling height, pollution type, and beyond (e.g., Hales and Dana 1979, Radke et al 1980, Loosmore and Cederwall 2004, Migliavacca et al 2010. However, there have been surprisingly few research studies that directly measure and quantify the impact of precipitation on pollution over a long period of time (Chate andPranesha 2004, Aikawa andHiraki 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effect of ENSO and PDO on Three Airborne Pollutants in Phoenix, Arizona

Kalkstein

Goodrich

2012

Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science

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Washout/rainout contribution in wet deposition estimated by 0.5 mm precipitation sampling/analysis

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Source Identification of Acid Rain Arising over Northeast China: Observed Evidence and Model Simulation

Source Identification of Acid Rain Arising over Northeast China: Observed Evidence and Model Simulation

MICS-Asia III: Multi-model comparison of reactive Nitrogen deposition over China

The Effect of ENSO and PDO on Three Airborne Pollutants in Phoenix, Arizona

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