Washing-Electrokinetic Decontamination for Concrete Contaminated With Cobalt and Cesium

Milestone developments, myths, and future directions of electrokinetic remediation

“…Throughout the years, the electrochemical processes involved have been revealed [41][42][43][44][45][46], different techniques to improve the efficiency of electrokinetic remediation have been developed [2,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53], and many new applications have been pioneered [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. Therefore, it is time for us to recognize the milestone developments by past researchers, to clarify some of the myths, and to establish future directions of electrokinetic remediation in this invited paper of the 9th Symposium on Electrokinetic Remediation.…”

Editors' Choice—Review—Electro-Kinetic Decontamination of Radioactive Concrete Waste from Nuclear Power Plants

“…The specimens of series A and C of Castellote et al, 36 Frizon et al, 37 and Popov et al 40 consisted of cement mortar; thus, the leaching test results of Van Gerven et al 76 and Faiz et al 77 that employed mortar specimens were used for the estimation of leaching rate. Especially, Van Gerven et al reported test data for the effect of carbonation on the leaching rate of cobalt, so this was applied for the specimens of Castellote et al 36,76 The specimens of series B of Castellote et al, 36 Popov et al, 41 and Kim et al 39 involved concrete; hence, the leaching test results of Hohberg et al 78 and Nikolayev et al 31 that employed concrete specimens were used for the estimation. This leaching rate estimation is not concerned with the manufacturing process of concrete samples, which is investigated in a later section.…”

“…[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] It may effectively decontaminate large-scale concrete fragments and can extract radionuclides existing deep inside the concrete in a nondestructive style. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] This method applies electric fields through the concrete waste to activate the movement of target radioactive ions and extract them from inside the concrete. Previous electro-kinetic experiments tested various cell configurations (i.e., the geometry of concrete waste, electrode materials, and volume of solutions) and operating conditions (i.e., types and concentration of solutions, applied voltage, and test duration).…”

“…Previous electro-kinetic experiments tested various cell configurations (i.e., the geometry of concrete waste, electrode materials, and volume of solutions) and operating conditions (i.e., types and concentration of solutions, applied voltage, and test duration). [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][43][44][45][46] However, none of the reported studies have tried to compare the results of the previous tests under different conditions to provide a comprehensive review.…”

Lysimetric studies for modelling radioactive contaminant transport in soils

“…The fi ltered solution was heated to near dryness, on a hot plate, and by adding 1% HNO 3 its 25 ml solution was prepared. This solution was stored in a 100 ml plastic bottle and its activity was counted by using a Multi-Channel Analyser (MCA) or a Geiger Mullar (G-M) counter (Semer and Reddy, 1996;Rigol et al, 1999;Reddy and Supraja, 2000;Sunga et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2009) and results are presented in Figure 4. …”