Was Reduced Pollen Viability in Viola tricolor L. the Result of Heavy Metal Pollution or Rather the Tests Applied?

Słomka, Aneta; Kawalec, Piotr; Kellner, Kristin; Jędrzejczyk-Korycińska, Monika; Rostański, A.; Kuta, Elżbieta

doi:10.2478/v10182-010-0016-6

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The latter is the most sensitive of the four tests used, and showed the most significant reduction of pollen stainability. These data make it evident that the frequency of stainable pollen strongly depends on the test applied, so caution is required in its assessment (Słomka et al, 2010). Furthermore, pollen stainability is not an indication of pollen's potential for germination or cytologically balanced pollen, as pollen grains in different size are also stainable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterility of Miscanthus × Giganteus Results from Hybrid Incompatibility

Słomka¹,

Kuta²,

Płażek³

et al. 2012

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

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Miscanthus ×giganteus Greef et Deu. (Poaceae), a hybrid of Miscanthus sinensis and M. sacchariflorus native to Japan, is an ornamental and a highly lignocellulosic bioenergy crop, cultivated in the European Union as an alternative source of energy. This grass reproduces exclusively vegetatively, by rhizomes or via expensive in vitro micropropagation. The present study was aimed at finding the barriers that prevent sexual seed production, based on detailed embryological analyses of the whole generative cycle, including microsporogenesis, pollen viability, megasporogenesis, female gametophyte development, and embryo and endosperm formation. Sterility of M. ×giganteus results from abnormal development of both male and female gametophytes. Disturbed microsporogenesis (laggard chromosomes, univalents, micronuclei) was further highlighted by low pollen staining. The frequency of stainable pollen ranged from 13.9% to 55.3% depending on the pollen staining test, and no pollen germination was observed either in vitro or in planta. The wide range of pollen sizes (25.5-47.6 μm) clearly indicated unbalanced pollen grain cytology, which evidently affected pollen germination. Only 9.7% of the ovules developed normally. No zygotes nor embryos were found in any analyzed ovules. Sexual reproduction of M. ×giganteus is severely hampered by its allotriploid (2n=3x=57) nature. Hybrid sterility, a strong postzygotic barrier, prevents sexual reproduction and, therefore, seed formation in this taxon.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : Miscanthus ×giganteus, allotriploid, pollen viability, female gametophyte development, sterility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterility of Miscanthus × Giganteus Results from Hybrid Incompatibility

Słomka¹,

Kuta²,

Płażek³

et al. 2012

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

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“…To confirm the hybrid origin of specimens newly found in NE Poland site, pollen viability (stainability), diameter, exine sculpture and achene characters were analyzed. The indirect and quick method to estimate meiotic disturbances is pollen viability (stainability) established by histochemical tests [24,25]. Non-stained, degenerated, dwarf, differing in size (very small and giant) pollen clearly indicates abnormal male meiosis [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced pollen viability and achene development in Solidago ×niederederi Khek from Poland

et al. 2014

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Pollen and achene characters of natural interspecific hybrid Solidago ×niederederi Khek were analyzed and compared with putative parental species S. virgaurea L. and S. canadensis L. to estimate the level of disturbances in generative reproduction resulting from its hybrid nature. Pollen viability (stainability) of Solidago ×niederederi from one newly discovered locality in NE Poland was evidently reduced to ~65% in both viability tests (acetocarmine and Alexander). The diameter of viable pollen (median 21.11 µm) fell between S. canadensis (median 19.52 µm) and S. virgaurea (median 23.48 µm). Both parental species produced normally developed achenes with high frequency (~90%) whereas in the hybrid, the seed set was dramatically low (6%). The results clearly indicated that sexual reproduction of hybridogenous taxon S. ×niederederi is disturbed, and its potential impact as an invasive species depends mainly on vegetative propagation.

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“…8; 9). As previously found by histochemical staining and analysis, the two zinc violets, V. tricolor from waste heaps and alpine V. lutea, possess more than 80% 4-aperturate pollen, and 5-and 6-aperturate pollen at low frequency (Hildebrandt et al 2006;Słomka et al 2010). Dwarf, degenerated pollen appeared sporadically in V. lutea ssp.…”

Section: Pollen Heteromorphism Examined By Semmentioning

confidence: 57%

Floral structure and pollen morphology of two zinc violets (Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria and V. lutea ssp. westfalica) indicate their taxonomic affinity to Viola lutea

et al. 2011

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Floral structure and pollen morphology of two zinc violets (Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria and V. lutea ssp. westfalica) indicate their taxonomic affinity to Viola lutea Abstract Two zinc violets, the yellow form of the Aachen-Liège area and the blue morph of Blankenrode in western Westphalia, have very restricted occurrence on heavy metal waste heaps. Their taxonomic affinities have not been finally resolved. The flower micromorphological analysis presented here indicates that both zinc violets are closely related to the alpine Viola lutea, in line with our earlier published molecular data, but not with the conclusions of other authors. The zinc violets are classed at the rank of subspecies as V. lutea: ssp. calaminaria for the yellow zinc violet and ssp. westfalica for its blue counterpart. Although the violets examined (V. lutea, V. lutea ssp. calaminaria, V. lutea ssp. westfalica) are closely related, there is no evidence that V. lutea ssp. westfalica is a descendent of V. tricolor. Here we provide the most detailed information on generative organ structure in the four violets studied.

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Was Reduced Pollen Viability in Viola tricolor L. the Result of Heavy Metal Pollution or Rather the Tests Applied?

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Sterility of Miscanthus × Giganteus Results from Hybrid Incompatibility

Sterility of Miscanthus × Giganteus Results from Hybrid Incompatibility

Reduced pollen viability and achene development in Solidago ×niederederi Khek from Poland

Floral structure and pollen morphology of two zinc violets (Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria and V. lutea ssp. westfalica) indicate their taxonomic affinity to Viola lutea

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