Warpage Reduction of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Using Microcellular Foaming Process Applied Injection Molding

Kim, Hyun Keun; Sohn, Joo Seong; Ryu, Youngjae; Kim, Shin Won; Woon, Sung

doi:10.3390/polym11020360

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…One of the drawbacks of GFs is their moderately low modulus related to carbon fibers. Figure 2 shows the various forms of GF structures, each type highlighting their unique properties [32][33][34].…”

Section: Glass Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Manufacturing Technologies of Carbon/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites and Their Properties: A Review

Rajak¹,

Wagh²,

Linul

2021

Polymers

135

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Over the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the study of lightweight composite materials. Due to their tailorable properties and unique characteristics (high strength, flexibility and stiffness), glass (GFs) and carbon (CFs) fibers are widely used in the production of advanced polymer matrix composites. Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites have been developed by different fabrication methods and are extensively used for diverse engineering applications. A considerable amount of research papers have been published on GFRP and CFRP composites, but most of them focused on particular aspects. Therefore, in this review paper, a detailed classification of the existing types of GFs and CFs, highlighting their basic properties, is presented. Further, the oldest to the newest manufacturing techniques of GFRP and CFRP composites have been collected and described in detail. Furthermore, advantages, limitations and future trends of manufacturing methodologies are emphasized. The main properties (mechanical, vibrational, environmental, tribological and thermal) of GFRP and CFRP composites were summarized and documented with results from the literature. Finally, applications and future research directions of FRP composites are addressed. The database presented herein enables a comprehensive understanding of the GFRP and CFRP composites’ behavior and it can serve as a basis for developing models for predicting their behavior.

show abstract

Section: Glass Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4 shows the different types of CFs [32][33][34]. CFs have the most leading tensile strength and elastic modulus (similar to steel) compared to additional conventional varieties of fibers.…”

Section: Carbon Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing Technologies of Carbon/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites and Their Properties: A Review

Rajak¹,

Wagh²,

Linul

2021

Polymers

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The microcellular foaming process can generate large numerous of micron-sized cells inside the polymer matrix, forming a unique dense surface and core foamed structure [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. This structure could reduce the weight of the material, and it endows the material with higher toughness, impact strength, and dimensional accuracy [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], which is meaningful to the requirement of lightweight. Nylon (PA)-based composites are an important engineering material with excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, and processability [ 14 ], particularly glass fiber-reinforced nylon (GF/PA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Properties of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide/Nylon Microcellular Foamed Composites

Wang

Xie

et al. 2020

Polymers

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The automobile and aerospace industries require lightweight and high-strength structural parts. Nylon-based microcellular foamed composites have the characteristics of high strength and the advantages of being lightweight as well as having a low production cost and high product dimensional accuracy. In this work, the glass fiber-reinforced nylon foams were prepared through microcellular injection molding with supercritical fluid as the blowing agent. The tensile strength and weight loss ratio of microcellular foaming composites with various injection rates, temperatures, and volumes were investigated through orthogonal experiments. Moreover, the correlations between dielectric constant and injection volume were also studied. The results showed that the “slow–fast” injection rate, increased temperature, and injection volume were beneficial to improving the tensile strength and strength/weight ratios. Meanwhile, the dielectric constant can be decreased by building the microcellular structure in nylon, which is associated with the weight loss ratio extent closely.

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“…Depending on the reinforcement type, polymer composites exhibit different shrinkage tendencies, so the choice of reinforcement is very important. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to confirm the shrinkage of reinforced polymers [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. For example, Juraeva et al predicted the mechanical properties and volumetric shrinkage of injection-molded automobile components [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shrinkage Optimization in Talc- and Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

et al. 2019

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The shrinkage of reinforced polymer composites in injection molding varies, depending on the properties of the reinforcing agent. Therefore, the study of optimal reinforcement conditions, to minimize shrinkage when talc and glass fibers (GF) (which are commonly used as reinforcements) are incorporated into polypropylene (PP), is required. In this study, we investigated the effect of reinforcement factors, such as reinforcement type, reinforcement content, and reinforcement particle size, on the shrinkage, and optimized these factors to minimize the shrinkage of the PP composites. We measured the shrinkage of injection-molded samples, and, based on the measured values, the optimal conditions were obtained through analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Taguchi method, and regression analysis. It was found that reinforcement type had the largest influence on shrinkage among the three factors, followed by reinforcement content. In contrast, the reinforcement size was not significant, compared to the other two factors. If the reinforcement size was set as an uncontrollable factor, the optimum condition for minimizing directional shrinkage was the incorporation of 20 wt % GF and that for differential shrinkage was the incorporation of 20 wt % talc. In addition, a shrinkage prediction method was proposed, in which two reinforcing agents were incorporated into PP, for the optimization of various dependent variables. The results of this study are expected to provide answers about which reinforcement agent should be selected and incorporated to minimize the shrinkage of PP composites.

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Warpage Reduction of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Using Microcellular Foaming Process Applied Injection Molding

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Manufacturing Technologies of Carbon/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites and Their Properties: A Review

Manufacturing Technologies of Carbon/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites and Their Properties: A Review

Microstructure and Properties of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide/Nylon Microcellular Foamed Composites

Shrinkage Optimization in Talc- and Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

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