Warming, salting and origin of the Tyrrhenian Deep Water

Fuda, Jean-Luc; Etiope, Giuseppe; Millot, Claude; Favali, P.; Calcara, M.; Smriglio, G.; Boschi, E.

doi:10.1029/2001gl014072

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…On the contrary S (not shown) exhibits a decrease in the first half of the time series, between July 2003 and September 2005, followed by a stronger S increase. A closer look at the θ time series also shows that the increasing tendency is accelerated after September 2005 (about +0.38 • C in 2.5 yr; for comparison, we note that Fuda et al, 2002, reported a similar increasing trend of 0.016 • C yr −1 in the deep Tyrrhenian during the 1990s).…”

Section: The Central Mediterranean Regionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In the deep layers these increases have been documented by various authors and for different periods: 0.0016 • C yr −1 /0.0008 yr −1 (1960, Krahmann and Schott, 1998, 0.0027 • C yr −1 /0.0019 yr −1 (1969, Leaman and Schott, 1991, 0.0035 • C yr −1 /0.0011 yr −1 (1957( , Béthoux et al, 1998, respectively for θ and S, to cite a few. Even stronger increases have been found in the Tyrrhenian Deep Water (TDW) by Fuda et al (2002) (0.016 • C yr −1 and 0.008 yr −1 during the 1990s, for θ and S respectively). In the Ligurian subbasin in the layer occupied by the LIW core (300-400 m), Béthoux and Gentili (1996) detected a θ increase of ∼ 0.0068 • C yr −1 and a S increase of ∼ 0.0018 yr −1 , the latter being in accordance with the estimates for the EMED by Rohling and Bryden (1992) mentioned above.…”

Section: K Schroeder Et Al: Long-term Monitoring Programme Of Hydromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term monitoring programme of the hydrological variability in the Mediterranean Sea: a first overview of the HYDROCHANGES network

Schröeder

Millot²,

Bengara³

et al. 2013

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. The long-term monitoring of basic hydrological parameters (temperature and salinity), collected as time series with adequate temporal resolution (i.e. with a sampling interval allowing the resolution of all important timescales) in key places of the Mediterranean Sea (straits and channels, zones of dense water formation, deep parts of the basins), constitute a priority in the context of global changes. This led CIESM (The Mediterranean Science Commission) to support, since 2002, the HYDROCHANGES programme (www. ciesm.org/marine/programs/hydrochanges.htm), a network of autonomous conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensors, deployed on mainly short and easily manageable subsurface moorings, within the core of a certain water mass. The HYDROCHANGES strategy is twofold and develops on different scales. To get information about long-term changes of hydrological characteristics, long time series are needed.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. K. Schroeder et al.: Long-term monitoring programme of hydrological variabilityBut before these series are long enough they allow the detection of links between them at shorter timescales that may provide extremely valuable information about the functioning of the Mediterranean Sea. The aim of this paper is to present the history of the programme and the current set-up of the network (monitored sites, involved groups) as well as to provide for the first time an overview of all the time series collected under the HYDROCHANGES umbrella, discussing the results obtained thanks to the programme.

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Section: The Central Mediterranean Regionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: K Schroeder Et Al: Long-term Monitoring Programme Of Hydromentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term monitoring programme of the hydrological variability in the Mediterranean Sea: a first overview of the HYDROCHANGES network

Schröeder

Millot²,

Bengara³

et al. 2013

Ocean Sci.

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“…This has been recently disregarded (Fuda et al, 2002) and instead a hypothesis of dense water formation occurring within the Tyrrhenian Sea has been proposed.…”

Section: Levantine Intermediate Water Eastern Mediterranean Deep Watmentioning

confidence: 99%

An introduction to Mediterranean deep-sea biology

et al. 2004

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“…although it cannot be considered as a periodic phenomenon in a deterministic sense with predictable amplitudes and phases, it is frequently observed that variables such as temperature, salinity, heat content and sea level exhibit anomalies of the same sign persistently for a decade or so, producing the alternation of crests and troughs in the oceanographic time series. as an example, the 1990s were extremely warm [Vargas-Yáñez et al, 2002;Fuda et al, 2002]. Trends or mean time derivatives computed over such short periods of time can vary by several orders of magnitude or even have a different sign to the longer-term changes.…”

Section: Time Variability and Time Scales In The Mediterranean Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Calentamiento y aumento de la salinidad en el Mediterráneo Occidental durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX: Inconsistencias, incertidumbres e influencia del procesado de datos

Vargas‐Yáñez¹,

Moyá²,

Tel³

et al. 2008

Sci. Mar.

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2 instituto español de oceanografía. servicios centrales, Madrid, spain. 3 ecole nationale supérieure de Techniques avancées.suMMarY: Many papers that have appeared since the late 1980s have reported trends for the salinity and temperature of the upper, intermediate and deep layers within the western Mediterranean. The review of these works shows that the figures reported depend on the period of time considered. in some cases, opposite results are obtained by different studies dealing with the same period of time. These results make it difficult to assess the mean trends of these variables during the second half of the 20 th century and to distinguish long-term changes from decadal and multi-decadal variability. in order to determine the origin of these discrepancies, we analyse temperature and salinity profiles from MeDar/2002 in three areas of the western Mediterranean: the gulf of lions, the balearic islands and the alboran sea. We use data analysis methods that have all been tested and used previously in the literature. our results show that the scarcity of data makes trend estimations very sensitive to the data analysis methods, questioning the robustness of such estimations and showing the suitability of systematic sampling for studying long-term changes. We attempt to provide temperature and salinity trends from 1950 to 2000 for the three aforementioned regions, which show a higher degree of uncertainty than the previous studies. long-term temperature and salinity increases for this 50-year period are within the intervals [0.02ºc, 0.19ºc] resuMen: Calentamiento y aumento de la salinidad en el Mediterráneo Occidental durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX: Inconsistencias, incertidumbres e influencia del procesado de datos. -numerosos trabajos aparecidos desde finales de la década de los 80 han mostrado tendencias para la temperatura y salinidad de las capas superficial, intermedia y profunda en el Mediterráneo occidental. la revisión de estos trabajos muestra que las tendencias calculadas dependen del periodo de tiempo considerado. en algunos casos, trabajos que consideran el mismo periodo de tiempo muestran resultados opuestos lo que hace difícil determinar cuáles han sido los cambios de estas variables a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo xx, así como distinguir estos cambios a largo plazo de la variabilidad decadal y multidecadal. con el objeto de esclarecer el origen de estas discrepancias, analizamos todos los perfiles de temperatura y salinidad disponibles en MeDar/2002 en tres zonas del Mediterráneo occidental: golfo de león, islas baleares y Mar de alborán. cada serie temporal es analizada usando distintos métodos, siendo todos ellos correctos y previamente usados en la literatura existente. nuestros resultados muestran que la escasez de datos hace la estimación de tendencias muy sensible al método de análisis de los datos, lo que cuestiona la robustez de estas estimaciones. en este trabajo se obtienen nuevas estimaciones para las tendencias de la temperatura y salinidad desde 1950 al año 200...

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Warming, salting and origin of the Tyrrhenian Deep Water

Cited by 44 publications

References 16 publications

Long-term monitoring programme of the hydrological variability in the Mediterranean Sea: a first overview of the HYDROCHANGES network

Long-term monitoring programme of the hydrological variability in the Mediterranean Sea: a first overview of the HYDROCHANGES network

An introduction to Mediterranean deep-sea biology

Calentamiento y aumento de la salinidad en el Mediterráneo Occidental durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX: Inconsistencias, incertidumbres e influencia del procesado de datos

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