Warm Jupiters Need Close “Friends” for High-Eccentricity Migration—a Stringent Upper Limit on the Perturber's Separation

Dong, Subo; Katz, Boaz; Socrates, Aristotle

doi:10.1088/2041-8205/781/1/l5

Cited by 127 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Some evidence that a significant fraction of warm Jupiters have circular orbits was gathered by studying the occurrence of additional planets in systems containing warm Jupiters compared to systems containing hot Jupiters. The increased occurrence of short-period planet companions to warm Jupiters (e.g., Steffen et al 2012;Dong et al 2014;Huang et al 2016) suggests that their orbits are circular since non-circular orbits are expected to make the multi-planet system dynamically unstable.…”

Section: Why Warm Jupiters?mentioning

confidence: 99%

K2-114b and K2-115b: Two Transiting Warm Jupiters

Shporer

Zhou

Fulton

et al. 2017

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We report the first results from a search for transiting warm Jupiter exoplanets-gas giant planets receiving stellar irradiation below about 10 8 erg s −1 cm −2 , equivalent to orbital periods beyond about 10 days around Sun-like stars. We have discovered two transiting warm Jupiter exoplanets initially identified as transiting candidates in K2 photometry. K2-114b has a mass of , and an orbital period of 20.3days. Both planets are among the longest-period transiting gas giant planets with a measured mass, and they are orbiting relatively old host stars. Both planets are not inflated, as their radii are consistent with theoretical expectations. Their position in the planet radius-stellar irradiation diagram is consistent with the scenario where the radius-irradiation correlation levels off below about 10 8 erg s −1 cm −2 , suggesting that for warm Jupiters stellar irradiation does not play a significant role in determining the planet radius. We also report our identification of another K2 transiting warm Jupiter candidate, EPIC 212504617, as a false positive.

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Section: Why Warm Jupiters?mentioning

confidence: 99%

K2-114b and K2-115b: Two Transiting Warm Jupiters

Shporer

Zhou

Fulton

et al. 2017

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“…In recent years, dynamical processes involving highly eccentric orbits have been invoked to interpret a wide array of astrophysical phenomena (see, e.g. Mazeh & Shaham 1979;Kiseleva et al 1998;Wu & Murray 2003;Dong et al 2014;Blaes et al 2002;Antonini & Perets 2012;Bode & Wegg 2014;Perets & Naoz 2009;Perets & Fabrycky 2009;Thompson 2011;. Highly eccentric orbits can bring two of the bodies to close approaches near the pericenters that result in dissipative interactions, mergers or collisions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-averaging can fail to characterize the long-term evolution of Lidov–Kozai Cycles and derivation of an analytical correction

Luo

Katz

Dong

2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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127

153

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The double-averaging (DA) approximation is widely employed as the standard technique in studying the secular evolution of the hierarchical three-body system. We show that effects stemmed from the short-timescale oscillations ignored by DA can accumulate over long timescales and lead to significant errors in the long-term evolution of the Lidov-Kozai cycles. In particular, the conditions for having an orbital flip, where the inner orbit switches between prograde and retrograde with respect to the outer orbit and the associated extremely high eccentricities during the switch, can be modified significantly. The failure of DA can arise for a relatively strong perturber where the mass of the tertiary is considerable compared to the total mass of the inner binary. This issue can be relevant for astrophysical systems such as stellar triples, planets in stellar binaries, stellar-mass binaries orbiting massive black holes and moons of the planets perturbed by the Sun. We derive analytical equations for the short-term oscillations of the inner orbit to the leading order for all inclinations, eccentricities and mass ratios. Under the test particle approximation, we derive the "corrected double-averaging" (CDA) equations by incorporating the effects of short-term oscillations into the DA. By comparing to N-body integrations, we show that the CDA equations successfully correct most of the errors of the long-term evolution under the DA approximation for a large range of initial conditions. We provide an implementation of CDA that can be directly added to codes employing DA equations.

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“…The presence of long-period planets may affect the evolution of multi-planet systems by dynamical interaction(e.g., Rasio & Ford 1996;Dong et al 2014). The dynamical effects result in observable effects such as spin-orbit misalignment which provides constraints on planet migration and evolution(e.g., Winn et al 2010).…”

Section: The Occurrence Rate Of Long-period Planetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PLANET HUNTERS. VIII. CHARACTERIZATION OF 41 LONG-PERIOD EXOPLANET CANDIDATES FROM KEPLER ARCHIVAL DATA

Fischer

Barclay

et al. 2015

ApJ

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The census of exoplanets is incomplete for orbital distances larger than 1 AU. Here, we present 41long-period planet candidates in 38systems identified by Planet Hunters based on Kepler archival data (Q0-Q17). Among them, 17exhibit only one transit, 14have two visible transits, and 10have more than three visible transits. For planet candidates with only one visible transit, we estimate their orbital periods based on transit duration and host star properties. The majority of the planet candidates in this work (75%) have orbital periods that correspond to distances of 1-3 AU from their host stars. We conduct follow-up imaging and spectroscopic observations to validate and characterize planet host stars. In total, we obtain adaptive optics images for 33stars to search for possible blending sources. Six stars have stellar companions within 4″. We obtain high-resolution spectra for 6stars to determine their physical properties. Stellar properties for other stars are obtained from the NASA Exoplanet Archive and the Kepler Stellar Catalog by Huber et al. We validate 7 planet candidates that have planet confidence over 0.997 (3σ level). These validated planets include 3 single-transit planets (KIC-3558849b, KIC5951458b, and KIC-8540376c), 3 planets with double transits (KIC-8540376b, KIC-9663113b, and KIC10525077b), and 1 planet with four transits (KIC-5437945b). This work provides assessment regarding the existence of planets at wide separations and the associated false positive rate for transiting observation (17%-33%). More than half of the long-period planets with at least three transits in this paper exhibit transit timing variations up to 41 hr, which suggest additional components that dynamically interact with the transiting planet candidates. The nature of these components can be determined by follow-up radial velocity and transit observations.

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Warm Jupiters Need Close “Friends” for High-Eccentricity Migration—a Stringent Upper Limit on the Perturber's Separation

Cited by 127 publications

References 28 publications

K2-114b and K2-115b: Two Transiting Warm Jupiters

K2-114b and K2-115b: Two Transiting Warm Jupiters

Double-averaging can fail to characterize the long-term evolution of Lidov–Kozai Cycles and derivation of an analytical correction

PLANET HUNTERS. VIII. CHARACTERIZATION OF 41 LONG-PERIOD EXOPLANET CANDIDATES FROM KEPLER ARCHIVAL DATA

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