Warm Events in the Tropical Atlantic

Carton, James A.; Huang, Bohua

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<0888:weitta>2.0.co;2

Cited by 202 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…Atlantic Niño and Niña years are defined as years in which detrended interannual SST anomalies averaged over the Atl3 region exceed the standard deviation of the time series for at least 2 months between May and September. These months are chosen because Atlantic Niño events are known to peak in boreal summer [e.g., Carton and Huang, 1994;Keenlyside and Latif, 2007]. Using the time period 1958 to 2009, we find 14 warm and 15 cold events.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The patterns are remarkably similar; i.e., the timing of the events is almost identical, and the amplitude of the cold events is essentially equal and opposite to that of warm events which have previously been described, for example, by Carton and Huang [1994]. An SST anomaly develops at the Angolan coast already in April, in agreement with the findings of Hu and Huang [2007] and Lübbecke et al [2010].…”

Section: Composites Of Atlantic Warm and Cold Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode

Lübbecke

McPhaden²

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific is asymmetric for warm and cold events with respect to amplitude, spatial patterns, and temporal evolution. Here the symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode, which many previous studies have argued is governed by atmosphere‐ocean dynamics similar to those of ENSO, is investigated using two different ocean reanalysis products. Calculation of Bjerknes feedback terms for the Pacific reveals a pronounced asymmetry between warm and cold events, though unlike most previous studies, the largest asymmetry is found in the relationship between eastern Pacific thermocline depth and sea surface temperature anomalies. For the Atlantic, cold events are effectively mirror images of warm events with Bjerknes feedbacks of similar strength. The analysis supports not only the conclusion that Atlantic Niños are more symmetric than ENSO but also the hypothesis itself that the Bjerknes feedback is operative in the Atlantic given the strength of the relationship between the key variables involved.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Composites Of Atlantic Warm and Cold Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode

Lübbecke

McPhaden²

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…A mode of variability similar to the Pacific ENSO has also been identified in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (Covey and Hastenrath, 1978;Philander, 1986;Zebiak, 1993;Carton and Huang, 1994). Although they are much weaker than their Pacific counterparts, the Atlantic equatorial SST anomalies can, for example, have an effect on rainfall in the Gulf of Guinea (Wagner and da Silva, 1994).…”

Section: Tropical Atlantic 6ariabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

North Atlantic climate variability: phenomena, impacts and mechanisms

Marshall¹,

Kushnir²,

Battisti³

et al. 2001

Intl Journal of Climatology

903

724

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“…This spatial structure is characterized by a zonal pattern symmetric about the equator, with warm or cold SSTs appearing in the eastern equatorial basin to the south and north. The first mode pattern captures the zonal mode pattern in the tropical Atlantic (Zebiak 1993;Carton and Huang 1994;Huang and Shukla 1997;Handoh and Bigg 2000;Ruiz-Barradas et al 2000). By multiplying EOF1 with its related PC, we observe some typical ACT cold years, such as 1990such as , 1992such as , 1997such as , 2005such as , and warm years 1984such as , 1987such as (Caniaux et al 2011.…”

Section: Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the Atlantic Niño is much weaker than its Pacific counterpart (Zebiak 1993;Carton and Huang 1994;Latif and Grötzner 2000;Servain et al 2003). A relationship between the Atlantic Niño and Pacific variability has also been suggested by some studies (Servain and Merle 1993;Carton and Huang 1994). The meridional mode is characterized by a north-south inter-hemispheric SST anomaly gradient that has no equivalent in the Pacific Ocean (Servain et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea surface temperature patterns in the Tropical Atlantic: Principal component analysis and nonlinear principal component analysis

Kenfack-Sadem¹,

Mkankam²,

Alory³

et al. 2017

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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The tropical Atlantic Ocean exhibits several modes of interannual variability such as the equatorial (or Atlantic Niño) mode, and meridional (or Atlantic dipole) mode. Nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) is applied on detrended monthly Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA) data from the tropical Atlantic Ocean (30°W -20°E, 26°S -22°N) for the period 1950 to 2005. The objective is to compare the modes extracted through this statistical analysis to those previously extracted through simpler principal component analysis (PCA). It is shown that the first NLPCA mode explains 38% of the total SST variance compared to 36% by the first PCA while the second NLPCA mode explains 22% of the total SST variance compared to 16% by the second PCA. The first two NLPCA modes marginally explain more of the total data variance than the first two PCA modes. Our analysis confirms results from previous studies and, in addition, shows that the Atlantic El Niño structure is spatially more stable than the Atlantic dipole structure.

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Warm Events in the Tropical Atlantic

Cited by 202 publications

References 0 publications

Symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode

Symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode

North Atlantic climate variability: phenomena, impacts and mechanisms

Sea surface temperature patterns in the Tropical Atlantic: Principal component analysis and nonlinear principal component analysis

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