Warm Climate in the Late Miocene of the South Coast of Alaska and the Occurrence of Podocarpaceae Pollen

Reinink-Smith, Linda M.; Leopold, Estella B.

doi:10.2113/29.1.205

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Miocene floras from Iceland indicate persisting floral exchange to both North America and Eurasia until the Late Miocene , but especially during the temperature optimum in the Middle Miocene, a North Atlantic migration pathway via Iceland may still have been open for water-lilies as well. There is also strong evidence that the Miocene was warm enough to allow thermophilic vegetation as far north as eastern Siberia and Alaska (pollen of Dacrydium and Podocarpus in the late Miocene of Alaska; Reinink- Smith & Leopold, 2005). Therefore, migration of thermophilic plants like water-lilies might have been possible also via Beringia during the Miocene.…”

Section: Historical Biogeography Of Nymphaealesa Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of Nymphaeales: extant patterns and historical events

Löhne

Yoo

Borsch

et al. 2008

TAXON

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With the present study we attempt to elucidate the history of the order Nymphaeales—water‐lilies and relatives—in time and space. On the basis of a dense taxon sampling that covers all genera of Cabombaceae and Nymphaeaceae and all subgenera of the genus Nymphaea, and on the basis of well‐supported phylogenetic hypotheses, we estimate divergence times in Nymphaeales. Distribution data for all species are used to reconstruct ancestral ranges and to identify possible dispersal events in the biogeographic history of Nymphaeales. Considering the fossil record for the clade as well as geologic history, a plausible historical scenario can be drawn. The assessment of extant biogeography shows that there are several centres of species diversity for Nymphaeales, i.e., northern South America, Central America, the Zambezian region of Africa and northern Australia. However, the diversification of the Nymphaeales started in the Northern Hemisphere when the northern landmasses were covered by tropical vegetation, except for the very high latitudes. The estimation of divergence times depicted two distinct radiation events, a rapid first differentiation into three major lineages during the Paleocene (Cabombaceae, Nuphar, remaining Nymphaeaceae) and the radiation of core Nymphaeaceae (Victoria, Euryale, Nymphaea incl. Ondinea) from the Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene. The second radiation probably started in the Northern Hemisphere. We hypothesize that subsequent spatial separation and southward relocation of the descendants led to the disjunct distribution of extant sister lineages in core Nymphaeaceae, e.g., Euryale‐Victoria or Nymphaea subgg. Hydrocallis and Lotos.

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Section: Historical Biogeography Of Nymphaealesa Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of Nymphaeales: extant patterns and historical events

Löhne

Yoo

Borsch

et al. 2008

TAXON

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“…Several Podocarpaceae fossils and Miocene pollen records have been found in North America (Taggart, 1973; Cevallos‐Ferriz, 1992; Reinink‐Smith & Leopold, 2005; Castañeda‐Posadas et al. , 2009) in areas where no species of Podocarpus is currently distributed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several Podocarpaceae fossils and Miocene pollen records have been found in North America (Taggart, 1973;Cevallos-Ferriz, 1992;Reinink-Smith & Leopold, 2005;Castañeda-Posadas et al, 2009) in areas where no species of Podocarpus is currently distributed. The description of cuticular remains of Podocarpus from the Eocene of Tennessee (Dilcher, 1969) coupled with isolated Tertiary pollen records (Sparks, 1967) indicate that the genus was widespread but rare in the Tertiary of North America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of Podocarpus matudae (Podocarpaceae): pre‐Quaternary relicts in northern Mesoamerican cloud forests

Ornelas

Ruíz-Sánchez

Sosa³

2010

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Cloud forests of northern Mesoamerica represent the northern and southern limit of the contact zone between species otherwise characteristic of North or South America. Several phylogeographic studies featuring temperate conifer species have improved our understanding of species responses to environmental changes. In contrast, conifer species that presumably colonized northern Mesoamerica from South America are far less studied. A phylogeographic study of Podocarpus matudae (Podocarpaceae) was conducted to identify any major evolutionary divergences or disjunctions across its range and to determine if its current distribution is associated with pre-Quaternary climatic and/or longdistance dispersal events. Location Northern Mesoamerica (Mexico and Guatemala).Methods Sixteen populations (157 individuals) of P. matudae were screened for variation at two plastid DNA markers. The intra-specific phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes were reconstructed using Bayesian inference. Population genetic analyses were undertaken to gain insight into the evolutionary history of these populations. To test whether genetic divergence among populations occurred at different time-scales plastid DNA sequence data and fossil-and coalescent-based calibrations were integrated. ResultsThe combination of plastid markers yielded 11 haplotypes. Differentiation among populations based on DNA variation (G ST ) (0.707, SE 0.0807) indicated a clear population structure in P. matudae. Differentiation for ordered alleles (N ST ) (0.811, SE 0.0732) was higher than that for G ST , indicating phylogeographical structure in P. matudae. Most of the total variation (81.3%, P < 0.0001) was explained by differences among populations. The estimated divergence time between the unique haplotypes from a Guatemalan population and the two most common haplotypes from the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico was between 10 and 20 Ma, and further haplotype divergence in the poorly resolved clade of the Sierra Madre Oriental occurred between 3 and 0.5 Ma.Main conclusions Divergence estimations support the hypothesis that extant Podocarpus matudae populations are pre-Quaternary relicts. This finding is consistent with fossil and pollen data that support a Miocene age for temperate floristic elements in Mesoamerican cloud forests, whereas further haplotype divergence within the Sierra Madre Oriental, Chiapas and Guatemala occurred more recently, coinciding with Pleistocene cloud forest refugia.

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“…Fossil evidence suggests that Araucariaceae were restricted to the Southern Hemisphere throughout the Cenozoic, as they are today (9). Podocarpaceae were primarily Southern Hemisphere as well (10), although pollen evidence suggests that some members extended farther north during warm time intervals (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemisphere-scale differences in conifer evolutionary dynamics

Leslie

Beaulieu

Hardeep

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

285

361

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Fundamental differences in the distribution of oceans and landmasses in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres potentially impact patterns of biological diversity in the two areas. The evolutionary history of conifers provides an opportunity to explore these dynamics, because the majority of extant conifer species belong to lineages that have been broadly confined to the Northern or Southern Hemisphere during the Cenozoic. Incorporating genetic information with a critical review of fossil evidence, we developed an age-calibrated phylogeny sampling ∼80% of living conifer species. Most extant conifer species diverged recently during the Neogene within clades that generally were established during the later Mesozoic, but lineages that diversified mainly in the Southern Hemisphere show a significantly older distribution of divergence ages than their counterparts in the Northern Hemisphere. Our tree topology and divergence times also are best fit by diversification models in which Northern Hemisphere conifer lineages have higher rates of species turnover than Southern Hemisphere lineages. The abundance of recent divergences in northern clades may reflect complex patterns of migration and range shifts during climatic cycles over the later Neogene leading to elevated rates of speciation and extinction, whereas the scattered persistence of mild, wetter habitats in the Southern Hemisphere may have favored the survival of older lineages.

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Warm Climate in the Late Miocene of the South Coast of Alaska and the Occurrence of Podocarpaceae Pollen

Cited by 22 publications

References 83 publications

Biogeography of Nymphaeales: extant patterns and historical events

Biogeography of Nymphaeales: extant patterns and historical events

Phylogeography of Podocarpus matudae (Podocarpaceae): pre‐Quaternary relicts in northern Mesoamerican cloud forests

Hemisphere-scale differences in conifer evolutionary dynamics

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