Warfare and Violence in the Iron Age of Southern France

Coalescence and Defensive Communities: Insights from an Andean Hillfort Town

“…Where the threat was severe, I would suggest that there was often a significant deemphasis on individual status differentiation and wealth display 1 . Instead, one may detect corporate modes of organization and active processes of social levelling, for instance at some fortified settlements of Iron Age Europe (McCartney 2012; Sastre 2008; see Thurston 2010). Kowalewski (2006) likewise argues that communal/corporate decision-making is a feature of coalescence, rather than centralized political hierarchies.…”