War, vagueness and hybrid war

Almäng, Jan

doi:10.1080/14702436.2019.1597631

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Warfare is the application of overt organized military violence usually by one state upon another. Hybrid warfare is a 'grey zone' between war and peace (Almäng, 2019).…”

Section: Defining Hybrid Warfare and Hybrid Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Warfare is the application of overt organized military violence usually by one state upon another. Hybrid warfare is a ‘grey zone’ between war and peace (Almäng, 2019). War is not declared, but conflict is initiated through synchronized ‘hybrid threats’—that is, a wide range of nonviolent and sometimes violent means to target vulnerabilities across a society (Multinational Capability Development Campaign, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparing for hybrid warfare and cyberattacks on health services' digital infrastructure: What nurse managers need to know

Wells

2022

J Nursing Management

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Aim This article aims to outline the key concepts in hybrid warfare and cyberattack to better inform nurse managers in their strategic contribution to the defence of critical digital infrastructure. Background Hybrid warfare often targets a nation's critical digital infrastructure including that of health services. Hybrid warfare against national health services, primarily through cyberattack, is likely to increase in a more destabilized and conflictual international environment. Evaluation Key literature, reports and assessments on hybrid warfare, advanced persistent threats and cyberattack referenced to health services were analysed. Key issue Health services are a key element of a nation's critical digital infrastructure and as such are a strategic target in hybrid warfare. Cyberattack through exploiting clinicians', such as nurses, online susceptibilities is a key route of attack. Nurse managers, to be effective planners, need to be fully informed about the context and specific nature of cyberattack. Conclusion(s) Articles about the relationship between hybrid warfare and cyberattack on health services digital infrastructure are rarely aimed at nurse managers. Implications for Nursing Management Nurse managers need to be fully informed about the geopolitical nature of cyberattacks if they are to be fully consulted and listened to in response planning in defence of health services' digital infrastructure.

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“…Warfare is the application of overt organized military violence usually by one state upon another. Hybrid warfare is a 'grey zone' between war and peace (Almäng, 2019).…”

Section: Defining Hybrid Warfare and Hybrid Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparing for hybrid warfare and cyberattacks on health services' digital infrastructure: What nurse managers need to know

Wells

2022

J Nursing Management

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“…In parallel to practitioners, the debate on HW has been accelerating also among academics in IR and security studies. While often critical of the concepts, a wide range of studies focused on explaining and contextualising Russian actions in Ukraine and beyond (Almäng, 2019; Fridman, 2018; Galeotti, 2019; Jonsson, 2019; Lanoszka, 2016; Orenstein, 2019; Renz, 2016). Some authors specifically focused on disinformation as a tool of Russia’s foreign policy (La Cour, 2020; Lanoszka, 2019; Michelsen and Colley, 2019).…”

Section: The Rise Of Hw Discoursementioning

confidence: 99%

Speaking of hybrid warfare: Multiple narratives and differing expertise in the ‘hybrid warfare’ debate in Czechia

Daniel¹,

Eberle²

2021

Cooperation and Conflict

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What do we speak of when we speak of ‘hybrid warfare’, a notion that has become prominent in discussions of European security? The article shows that this question is difficult to answer, as the hybrid warfare discourse is not only vague, but also consists of multiple, and at times contradictory, narratives. While talking and writing about supposedly the same thing, participants in the hybrid warfare debate often suggest markedly different ideas about the precise nature and target of the threat, offer different responses and draw upon different expertise. Grounding our argument in critical scholarship on narratives, security knowledge and hybrid warfare, we build a framework for studying security narratives around the four elements of threat, threatened value, response and underlying knowledge. This framework is utilised in a case study of Czechia, a country that has played a pioneering and outsized role in European hybrid warfare debates. We identify three narratives of hybrid warfare – defence, counterinfluence and education – which present markedly different understandings of ‘hybrid warfare’, and ways to defend against it. Our intervention hopes to contribute to disentangling the contradictions of the hybrid warfare discourse, itself a necessary precondition for both sound state policy and an informed public debate.

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“…Consequently, an amorphous security landscape is created without clear definitions of war and peace or well-defined demarcations of battlefields. This notion is a key aspect of emergingyet contested -concepts of contemporary warfare such as so-called 'information' warfare, 'hybrid' warfare, or 'grey-zone' warfare (Almäng, 2019;Bressan and Sulg, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grey matters: Advancing a psychological effects-based approach to countering malign information influence

et al. 2021

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Hostile political actors frequently engage in malign information influence, projecting antagonistic strategic narratives in targeted societies to manipulate the information environment and distort the perceptions of the citizens. Research examining malign information influence is growing, but more attention could be given to its psychological effects. Information operations are commonly assumed to affect the levels of trust and the emotional experiences of citizens who are targeted by them, but these notions are currently supported by limited evidence. We propose that experimental psychological research is a promising avenue to more clearly demonstrate these effects and individual differences of the target audience that may exacerbate these effects. This article discusses the knowledge gap regarding the psychological effects of malign information influence and suggests relevant psychological research that can be built upon when devising experimental studies that might address it. Finally, the article outlines key benefits that insights gleaned from this experimental research would offer to those seeking to counter malign information influence.

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War, vagueness and hybrid war

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Preparing for hybrid warfare and cyberattacks on health services' digital infrastructure: What nurse managers need to know

Preparing for hybrid warfare and cyberattacks on health services' digital infrastructure: What nurse managers need to know

Speaking of hybrid warfare: Multiple narratives and differing expertise in the ‘hybrid warfare’ debate in Czechia

Grey matters: Advancing a psychological effects-based approach to countering malign information influence

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