War, Socialization, and Interpersonal Violence

Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin

doi:10.1177/0022002794038004002

Cited by 164 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

101

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Because the occurrence of mammalian paternal care is relatively rare, it is particularly difficult to assess the importance of paternal behaviour among mammals, with most work having been conducted in humans. The potential impact the presence of caring fathers has on developing offspring is of significant importance as, among humans, for example, it may determine a child's appropriate emotional and cognitive development [47], health [48], and likelihood to engage in violent activity and crime [49]. On the other hand, a positive paternal influence on developing children increases cognitive competence (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal and juvenile social environments interact to shape cognitive behaviour and neural phenotype in prairie voles

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social environments experienced at different developmental stages profoundly shape adult behavioural and neural phenotypes, and may have important interactive effects. We asked if social experience before and after weaning influenced adult social cognition in male prairie voles. Animals were raised either with or without fathers and then either housed singly or in sibling pairs. Males that were socially deprived before (fatherless) and after (singly housed) weaning did not demonstrate social recognition or dissociate spatial from social information. We also examined oxytocin and vasopressin receptors (OTR and V1aR) in areas of the forebrain associated with social behaviour and memory. Pre-and post-wean experience differentially altered receptor expression in several structures. Of note, OTR in the lateral septum-an area in which oxytocin inhibits social recognition-was greatest in animals that did not clearly demonstrate social recognition. The combination of absentee fathers on V1aR in the retrosplenial cortex and single housing on OTR in the septohippocampal nucleus produced a unique phenotype previously found to be associated with poor reproductive success in nature. We demonstrate that interactive effects of early life experiences throughout development have tremendous influence over brain -behaviour phenotype and can buffer potentially negative outcomes due to social deprivation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal and juvenile social environments interact to shape cognitive behaviour and neural phenotype in prairie voles

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some assert that warfare (and resultant homicide) is distinct from "normal" aggression (McCall and Shields 2008). Ember and Ember (1994), however, demonstrated a close relationship between warfare and other forms of aggression, and they suggest that the presence of warfare may have the effect of lowering norms against other forms of violence (as parents may socialize their children for warriorhood, thereby legitimizing aggressive behavior). Kelly (2000) warns, though, that clear causality between socialization practices and aggression has yet to be established.…”

Section: Aggression Among Foragersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal Aggression among Aka Hunter-Gatherers of the Central African Republic

Hess

Helfrecht

Hagen

et al. 2010

Hum Nat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper explores sex differences in interpersonal aggression among Aka foragers of the Central African Republic (CAR). We tested whether male Aka physically aggressed more than female Aka, and whether female Aka indirectly aggressed more than male Aka, as evolutionary theories of aggression predict. To our knowledge, these are the first tests of these theories among an extant population of hunter-gatherers. We also tested predictions of a recent evolutionary theory of physical strength, anger, and physical aggression. Data include a measure of upper body strength, age, sex, and qualitative views on aggression norms, as well as peer assessments of anger, physical aggression, and indirect aggression. Our results provide mixed support for the predicted sex differences in physical aggression and indirect aggression, and for the predicted relationships among anger, strength, and the use of aggression.

show abstract

“…According to Fisher (1990), escalation is more likely when there are cultural differences between the sides or whenever they have experienced a history of antagonism. Such a history, can actually socialize people toward conflict escalation (Ember & Ember, 1994). Escalation is also more likely when the parties are unaware of its potential, when they are not concerned about its consequences, or when their actions are not limited in some manner (&helling, 1960).…”

Section: Escalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict and Its Management

Wall

Callister

1995

Journal of Management

612

412

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article reviews the conflict literature, first examining the causes of conflict, its core process, and its effects. Subsequently, we probe into conflict escalation (and de-escalation), contexts, and conflict management. When examining this last topic, we note that conflict can be managed by the disputants themselves, by managers, or by other thirdparties. In conclusion we suggest directionsforfuture research and provide recommendations for practicing managers.There ain't no good guys There ain't no bad guys, There's only you and me, And we just disagree.-Dave MasonWhen we're in a conflict, we don't see it that way. There are good guys; there are bad guys; we don't "just disagree." Conflict-to most of us-is mighty unpleasant.It's like the common cold. We all know what it is, but objectively analyzing it can prove difficult, as can identifying the causes and understanding the effects. And most difficult is discovering a cure.In this article we'll undertake these tasks-for conflict. First offered will be a general overview of the conflict process, immediately followed with a definition or explanation of the construct. In subsequent sections we will delineate the causes of conflict, examine the core process, and identify its effects. Then we will look at conflict escalation and the context in which conflict takes place.With these ideas under our belts, we'll turn to the management of conflict, closing with some suggestions for researchers and managers.

show abstract

War, Socialization, and Interpersonal Violence

Cited by 164 publications

References 23 publications

Perinatal and juvenile social environments interact to shape cognitive behaviour and neural phenotype in prairie voles

Perinatal and juvenile social environments interact to shape cognitive behaviour and neural phenotype in prairie voles

Interpersonal Aggression among Aka Hunter-Gatherers of the Central African Republic

Conflict and Its Management

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About