War on sodium: the case of Korean public health campaigns

Sun, Hye-Jin

doi:10.1177/1757913914566550

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…4 Among our cohort, the mean daily sodium intake was 3814.2 mg, which is higher than the median calibrated sodium intake of 2891.6 mg/day for postmenopausal women in the United States. 18 Koreans frequently dine out and regularly consume liquid cuisines, such as Jjigaes, which contain salt and salt-fermented food 7 ; these eating habits may help explain, in part, why the Korean population consumes such a high salt diet. Various factors are attributed to the development of osteoporosis, including a lack of physical activity, smoking, and calcium deficiency [19][20][21] ; however, sodium intake is not widely regarded as a risk factor for osteoporosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various factors are attributed to the development of osteoporosis, including a lack of physical activity, smoking, and calcium deficiency [19][20][21] ; however, sodium intake is not widely regarded as a risk factor for osteoporosis. Although there is a steady stream of campaigns aimed at reducing salt intake to prevent and treat hypertension, 7,22 few similar campaigns have been aimed at preventing osteoporosis among postmenopausal women. Korea has actively begun to address sodium intake as a cause of the 4 major chronic diseases afflicting its population: hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite its high prevalence, osteoporosis is not included in this list. 7 Given that Koreans are known to consume 2 times more dietary sodium than the amount recommended by the WHO, it is important to investigate associations between osteoporosis and dietary sodium intake. 5 In this study, we used data from a large-scale, nationwide survey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data were sourced from the 2008-2011 KNHANES conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 6,7 KNHANES assesses the health and nutritional status (including bone density) and health-related behaviors of noninstitutionalized Koreans. The KNHANES nationwide, cross-sectional survey has been conducted periodically since 1998.…”

Section: Data Source and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Osteoporosis is associated with lifestyle-related factors, such as diet and physical activity; therefore, we need to consider how lifestyle-related factors in Korea affect osteoporosis. The Korean diet tends to be characterized by a large intake of salt, 5 and according to the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 6,7 the mean daily sodium intake is 4790 mg (5653 mg for males and 3938 mg for females). This intake is twice that recommended for adults by the World Health Organization (WHO) of less than 2000 mg per day.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations Between Reported Dietary Sodium Intake and Osteoporosis in Korean Postmenopausal Women: The 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Kim

2017

Asia Pac J Public Health

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Osteoporosis is prevalent among postmenopausal women, and increasing evidence has linked salt intake with this disease. In this article, we explored the association between dietary sodium intake and osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women. We analyzed data for 3635 postmenopausal women extracted from the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We found that 1542 participants (42.4%) have osteoporosis. The adjusted prevalence rates of osteoporosis at the lumbar spine were significantly higher in participants who consumed ≥4001 mg of salt than those who consumed ≤2000 mg. At the femoral neck, rates were significantly higher for those who consumed ≥5001 mg compared with those who consumed ≤4000 mg. Participants with a higher sodium intake showed a significantly higher odds ratio of developing lumbar and femoral neck osteoporosis, compared with those with a lower intake. Our results suggest that excessive daily sodium intake is associated with a higher osteoporosis prevalence in Korean postmenopausal women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Source and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations Between Reported Dietary Sodium Intake and Osteoporosis in Korean Postmenopausal Women: The 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Kim

2017

Asia Pac J Public Health

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Lifestyle and its influences

2015

Perspect Public Health

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Lifestyle is never far from public health thoughts, but spring is a good time to examine how we are faring on challenges like obesity, inappropriate diet, smoking and the increasing influence of the Internet. Behaviour change includes altering a selfselected unhealthy lifestyle, yet the selection may be deeply ingrained from infancy and then continued in adult life. Campaigns to reduce smoking may not engage sufficient young parents, given that the highest prevalence of smoking is in those aged between 20 and 34 years, cited by Denman et al., 1 who also present an interesting argument for an integrated policy on smoking and environmental radon levels. Volunteer workers, for example health champions, may help to engage parents and other individuals on needed change: but the motivation and expectations of volunteers need to be appreciated if they are to be effective. Warren and Garthwaite, 2 in their survey of volunteers in north east England, identified more specific training and fostering positive relationships with paid staff as important, along with an emphasis on transferable skills for paid work elsewhere. In theory, all lifestyle choices are modifiable, but in addition to the profound influence of early parenting and environment, our era is one of unprecedented rapid social change around the globe. Change presents new choices, such as the impact of modernisation described by Witter et al. 3 in a review of health data in Fiji. Non-communicable disease is rising in Fijians, with cardiovascular disease the leading cause of death, linked to increasing alcohol intake, poor dietary choices, smoking and less physical exercise. Obesity levels have doubled over the past decade: there is no vernacular term for obesity in the Fijian language, with being larger traditionally associated with good health. But Witter et al. point to westernisation of the diet as the main culprit. The study included assessing the changing lifestyles in rural, urban and ethnically distinct communities, with the action needed on government and local policy to increase health awareness. Apart from the cultural preferences, there are conflicts to be tackled, for example, alcohol revenues versus advice to drink less: it is not only Fiji that has a struggle with that. Fast food replacing traditional, healthier food is also a common lifestyle change, but Hye-Jin Sun 4 reports that in Korea, the love of salty food has led to a sodium intake at twice the World Health Organization recommended level. Concern about high levels of hypertension and other disorders prompted an impressive variety of campaigns, including a 'no-soup day' on the third Wednesday of every month. Meanwhile, there is progress, for example with a survey reporting that the salt content measured in bowls of soup has lowered by over one-third. Moving across to India, Rai and Singh 5 describe the programmes to reduce maternal and child mortality, currently the highest in the world. Cash transfer schemes have encouraged low-income women to access health facilities, but the most recentl...

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War on sodium: the case of Korean public health campaigns

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Associations Between Reported Dietary Sodium Intake and Osteoporosis in Korean Postmenopausal Women: The 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Associations Between Reported Dietary Sodium Intake and Osteoporosis in Korean Postmenopausal Women: The 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Lifestyle and its influences

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