War Exposure and Maternal Reactions in the Psychological Adjustment of Children from Bosnia-Hercegovina

Smith, Patrick; Perrin, Sean; Yule, William; Rabe‐Hesketh, Sophia

doi:10.1017/s0021963001007065

Cited by 38 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As found by others (Giannopoulou et al 2006), we replicated the finding that girls report significantly more PTSD symptoms than boys and that the children's PTSD symptoms are connected with the PTSD symptoms of their parents (Fairbrother et al 2003;Green et al 1991;Kilic et al 2003;Smith et al 2001;Stuber et al 2002). A distress reaction in a parent may exacerbate trauma in the child, and addressing the mental health needs of mothers and children simultaneously may be an effective method of reducing their mental health problems (Rishel et al 2006).…”

Section: Other Findingssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…(Goenjian et al 2001;Hoven et al 2005;Lengua et al 2005;Nader et al 1993); (3) the parents' characteristics and consequences of the explosion for the family (wounds, PTSD symptoms, symptoms of depression, damage to the home, etc.) (Fairbrother et al 2003;Pynoos et al 1987a;Scheeringa and Zeanah 2001;Smith et al 2001).…”

Section: Family Functioning and The Development Of Ptsd Symptoms In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Children’s Enduring PTSD Symptoms are Related to Their Family’s Adaptability and Cohesion

Birmes

Raynaud

Daubisse

et al. 2009

Community Ment Health J

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This study compared, 18-24 months after an industrial disaster, in two groups of children (those with clinically relevant PTSD symptoms versus those with low PTSD symptoms), the child's perception of family cohesion and adaptability, the child's experience of the explosion, and parental characteristics. Enmeshed family cohesion or rigid family adaptability were more frequently found in children with low PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms in the mother, living in a family of 3 or more children, and being female were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms in the children. The assessment of traumatized children should include assessment of family's adaptability and cohesion.

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Section: Other Findingssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Family Functioning and The Development Of Ptsd Symptoms In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Enduring PTSD Symptoms are Related to Their Family’s Adaptability and Cohesion

Birmes

Raynaud

Daubisse

et al. 2009

Community Ment Health J

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show abstract

“…Self-reported data of 339 mothers and children from Bosnia-Herzegovina revealed high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms in mothers and children. Child distress was related to both their level of exposure and to maternal posttraumatic stress reactions (Smith, Perrin, Yule, & Rabe-Hesketh, 2001). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma, mental health, and intergenerational associations in Kosovar Families 11 years after the war

Schick

Morina

Klaghofer

et al. 2013

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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BackgroundWhile there is a considerable amount of literature addressing consequences of trauma in veterans and holocaust survivors, war and postwar civilian populations, particularly children, are still understudied. Evidence regarding intergenerational effects of trauma in families is inconsistent.ObjectiveTo shed light on intergenerational aspects of trauma-related mental health problems among families 11 years after the Kosovo war.MethodIn a cross-sectional study, a paired sample of 51 randomly selected triplets (school-aged child, mother, father, N=153) of Kosovar families was investigated with regard to trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress (UCLA Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale), anxiety (Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25), and depressive symptoms (Depressionsinventar für Kinder und Jugendliche [DIKJ; depression inventory for children and adolescents], Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25).ResultsConsiderable trauma exposure and high prevalence rates of clinically relevant posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were found in both parents and children. While strong correlations were found between children's depressive symptoms and paternal posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, maternal symptoms did not correlate with their children's. In multiple regression analyses, only posttraumatic stress symptoms of fathers were significantly related with children's depressive symptoms.ConclusionEleven years after the Kosovo war, the presence of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in civilian adults and their children is still substantial. As symptoms of parents and children are associated, mental health problems of close ones should be actively screened and accounted for in comprehensive treatment plans, using a systemic approach. Future research should include longitudinal studies conducting multivariate analyses with larger sample sizes in order to investigate indicators, causal and resilience factors.

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“…A full-scale factor analysis revealing a three-factor solution to all three subscales and showing a Cronbach's alpha of 0.80 (Smith et al, 2001) indicated good internal consistency and reliability. Testing the CRIES-13 alongside the Children's Posttraumatic Stress Index (CPTS-RI) indicated high correlation (r = 0.79) for confirming convergent validity of the scale as well as excellent internal consistency (Giannopoulou et al, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy: A Pilot Study of Effect on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Maltreated Youth

McCullough¹,

Risley-Curtiss

Rorke

2015

Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy

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Chronic maltreatment of children can provoke a host of neuropsychological and physiological anomalies that manifest as developmental, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and psychosocial disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Considering the multidimensional landscape of trauma and PTSD alongside the nonverbal and symbolic language of children, a nondidactic, somatic treatment intervention that engages the body's own inner communication system seems well suited for young victims of maltreatment. The authors describe the results of a pilot study utilizing equine facilitated psychotherapy (EFP), an experiential, cognitive-behavioral based intervention, for the treatment of PTSD symptoms of maltreated youth. A purposive sample of 11 youth ages 10-18 who presented with PTSD symptomatology participated in eight weekly EFP outpatient sessions 1.5 to 2 hours in length. Pre and post, as well as midpoint, tests were administered. Results suggest the EFP treatment effects are multimodal, working in multiple directions at the same time. Results also suggest that the EFP model may be a viable psychotherapy for traumatized youth suffering PTSD symptomatology.

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War Exposure and Maternal Reactions in the Psychological Adjustment of Children from Bosnia-Hercegovina

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

Children’s Enduring PTSD Symptoms are Related to Their Family’s Adaptability and Cohesion

Children’s Enduring PTSD Symptoms are Related to Their Family’s Adaptability and Cohesion

Trauma, mental health, and intergenerational associations in Kosovar Families 11 years after the war

Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy: A Pilot Study of Effect on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Maltreated Youth

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