War against antimicrobial resistance

Abstract

Resistance to antimicrobials is a global threat that demands immediate response. The excessive use and misuse of antimicrobials has led to the development of multidrug resistant strains of microorganisms. As the consumption rate of these drugs increases, the resistance rate also increases, resulting in high cost of medical treatment and increased mortality rate. To war against antimicrobial resistance, the biochemical and genetic mechanism of resistance in microorganisms is a key factor to be considered. Recent articles from reputable journals/archives including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate etc were retrieved and studied and we discovered that much have been researched on the importance of drugs in the treatment of antimicrobial resistance and in recent decade researchers have been delving into important botanicals that could address multidrug resistance with several opinions. Researchers have opinionated that phytoconstituents could be potential drugs that would address antimicrobial resistance with little or no side effect and they are relatively cheap and readily available to low-income people. However, the future is largely going to be machine driven and little have been reported on the emerging technologies that could adequately tackle this menace of antimicrobial resistance. Here we succinctly discussed how some of these promising technologies could be employed in combating the resistance of microorganism to antibiotics; the use of vaccine technologies, the use of Artificial Intelligence coupled with machine learning algorithms, the use of nanosystems and the use of CRISPR-cas technology.

Economic Recovery but Stagnating Mental Health During a Global Pandemic? Evidence from Ghana and South Africa

“…South Africa even implemented one of the strictest lockdowns globally and only gradually lifted the restrictions (SACoronavirus, 2020 ), but by October 2020, most restrictions — except a small number of regulations such as mandatory mask usage and some limitations on large gatherings — had been eased (GardaWorld, 2020 ). In contrast, due to fears about worsening economic conditions (Akinwotu and Asiedu, 2020 ), Ghana lifted the public lockdown in the most affected cities (Accra and Kumasi) after only three weeks (see Figure 2 ).…”