Wanting It All: Career, Marriage, and Motherhood During College-Educated Women's 20s

Hoffnung, Michele

doi:10.1023/b:sers.0000027572.57049.ff

Cited by 85 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Therefore, Islam encourages early marriage to protect the chastity of both men and (especially) women and to protect them from committing adultery (Ayotola& A.H.M, 2015). Furthermore, this corroborates the ideas of Hoffnung (2004), who suggested that American women in their 20s mainly focus on career development. He also reported that American married women tend to hold bachelor's degrees and work in less-prestigious jobs than do unmarried women, who often hold advanced degrees.…”

Section: Delaying Marriage As An Agentic Choice To Avoid the Family-esupporting

confidence: 73%

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Bargaining With Patriarchy: Women’s Subject Choices and Patriarchal Marriage Norms

Alwedinani¹

2017

IJGWS

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This paper discussed the influence of marriage on Saudi women's education. The majority of participants agree that marriage is as important as education and careers. According to the interviews, some female students and lecturers support women's traditional roles. These participants believe that the home is the natural place for a woman and that being a housewife is a fundamental role for a woman. Thus, they see a woman who cares about her husband as helping him to excel in his work. Additionally, if she takes care of her children, she serves the community better than if she goes to work. It is clear that those participants hold internalised gender roles. Although most of the female participants agree that motherhood is significant for women, they act differently when they have to choose between their studies and marriage. It appears from the participants' responses that being a mother and having children are very serious decisions. However, unlike in the past, they no longer look only to marry and have children, as marriage is one of their lesser concerns. The participants were divided into three categories in terms of their attitudes towards marriage. Although most of the participants have internalised traditional marriage norms, their attitudes towards marriage vary greatly. They exercise agency by resisting or bargaining with patriarchal systems. The first category of participants consists of those who resist the patriarchal system by exercising their legitimate Islamic rights. This includes women who ask for a divorce to eliminate the influence of their husband on their education. The second category comprises those who bargain with patriarchal influences by postponing marriage until after they graduate from university. Finally, there are participants who comply with patriarchal norms without negotiating or bargaining. They get married at an early age and accept the influence of their husband on their education. They limit their choices to certain subjects in order to maximise their marriage opportunities. This group of participants mainly studies traditional subjects such as education, as these subjects do not conflict with their family responsibilities. Furthermore, they avoid professions that might require evening-shift hours, such as nursing or medicine.

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Section: Delaying Marriage As An Agentic Choice To Avoid the Family-esupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Finally, Hoffnung found that American married women appear to work in traditional jobs, such as teaching, to balance both family and work. From the findings of both Hoffnung (2004) and the present study, marriage could limit women's choices and their roles in the public sphere.…”

Section: Delaying Marriage As An Agentic Choice To Avoid the Family-ementioning

confidence: 99%

Bargaining With Patriarchy: Women’s Subject Choices and Patriarchal Marriage Norms

Alwedinani¹

2017

IJGWS

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“…Work-life balance is possible and some work places have recognized the importance of providing work flexibility, but some organizations have not redesigned their infrastructure to make this work-life balance more manageable for those who desire both a career and a family. Hoffnung (2004) found that managers who rated themselves higher in work-life balance were rated higher in career advancement potential compared to those who rated themselves low in work-life balance, indicating that employees may experience more advancement when they do not feel their work and family dynamic is out of balance. Alternatively, this may mean that those who experience advancement do so, because they do not experience work-life conflict.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Alternatively, this may mean that those who experience advancement do so, because they do not experience work-life conflict. Reflecting the latter, Hoffnung (2004) also found that career-oriented women are more likely to delay relationships or children in order to advance their careers. Buddhapriya (2009) found in a population of female Indian professionals that the most reported barrier for advancement into senior positions was commitment to family responsibilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sex Differences in Delaying Family: Effects on Job and Life Satisfaction

Doerner¹,

Nadler²,

Lowery³

2011

JPR

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USAIndividuals in the workplace can have a difficult time advancing both career and family, and this remains especially true for women. The decision to forego or delay a relationship in favor of advancement at work can have a detrimental impact on satisfaction. A national sample (N = 3504) was examined for sex differences in delaying relationships and the resulting impact on life and job satisfaction. An interaction was found between sex and delaying relationship commitments in relation to pay satisfaction. Men who had not delayed committing to a relationship were significantly more satisfied with pay than those who delayed. However, women did not show this difference. Men and women who delayed a relationship displayed significantly lower levels of life satisfaction.Women also reported lower earnings and more family stress, but also reported higher levels of job satisfaction.Overall, delay of marriage and family can lead a decrease in pay satisfaction, life and family satisfaction and an increase in stress.

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“…Como as mulheres têm aumentado sua participação no mercado de trabalho, desenvolvendo as mais diversas trajetórias profissionais e, ao mesmo tempo, indicando que continuam tendo os objetivos de unir-se a uma pessoa e constituir família, elas têm enfrentado diversos desafios na integração dessas dimensões (Hoffnung, 2004;Tanure, & Andrade, 2010). Esses desafios se assentam nas tensões que refletem todo tipo de pressão que emana dessas esferas: pessoal, profissional, conjugal e familiar (Braz, 2010;Higgins, Duxbury, & Lyons, 2010).…”

Section: Contextualização Da Pesquisaunclassified

Carreira e conjugalidade: a percepção da mulher sobre a influência da relação conjugal no desenvolvimento de sua carreira

Guedes¹

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Wanting It All: Career, Marriage, and Motherhood During College-Educated Women's 20s

Cited by 85 publications

References 34 publications

Bargaining With Patriarchy: Women’s Subject Choices and Patriarchal Marriage Norms

Bargaining With Patriarchy: Women’s Subject Choices and Patriarchal Marriage Norms

Sex Differences in Delaying Family: Effects on Job and Life Satisfaction

Carreira e conjugalidade: a percepção da mulher sobre a influência da relação conjugal no desenvolvimento de sua carreira

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