Waning immunity against mumps in vaccinated young adults, France 2013

Abstract

In 2013, 15 clusters of mumps were notified in France; 72% (82/114) of the cases had been vaccinated twice with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. To determine whether the risk of mumps increased with time since the last vaccination, we conducted a case-control study among clusters in universities and military barracks. A confirmed case had an inflammation of a salivary gland plus laboratory confirmation in 2013. A probable case presented with inflammation of a salivary gland in 2013 either lasting for > 2 days or with epidemiological link to a confirmed case. Controls had no mumps symptoms and attended the same university course, student party or military barracks. We collected clinical and vaccination data via web questionnaire and medical records. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) using logistic regression. 59% (50/85) of cases and 62% (199/321) of controls had been vaccinated twice. The odds of mumps increased for twice-vaccinated individuals by 10% for every year that had passed since the second dose (aOR 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.19; p = 0.02). Mumps immunity waned with increasing time since vaccination. Our findings contributed to the French High Council of Public Health's decision to recommend a third MMR dose during outbreaks for individuals whose second dose dates > 10 years.

Immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases in Finnish pediatric healthcare workers in 2015

“…Mumps immunity has also been shown to wane with time after vaccination [31,32]. However, our study found absence of mumps antibodies in all four age groups.…”

“…However, our study found absence of mumps antibodies in all four age groups. In order to better prepare for future outbreaks, booster doses of MMR may be needed in vaccination programs, especially for the younger age groups whose immunity is induced by vaccination [31].…”

Waning Immunity and Microbial Vaccines—Workshop of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

“…Most cases occurred on college and university campuses among young adults, nearly all of whom had been vaccinated during early childhood (9). Data from outbreak studies showed that the odds of developing mumps increased by 10 to 27% with each year postvaccination, suggesting waning immunity as the basis for these outbreaks (10,75). This observation was consistent with data from other studies that showed that mumps virus-neutralizing Ab titers declined significantly with time postvaccination (76,77), although the level of Ab that confers protection was not known.…”

Immunogenicity of mumps virus vaccine candidates matching circulating genotypes in the United States and China

“…However, mumps outbreaks have occurred in the United States in the last decade, including the large outbreak centered around a university in Iowa, which had over 5,000 cases in 2006 [36–39]. Mumps outbreaks have also been reported in vaccinated populations in Europe and Asia [20–23,40,41]. None of these outbreaks were associated with a genotype A MuV, which was the Jeryl Lynn vaccine genotype.…”

“…It is possible that this decrease may contribute to some of the recent outbreaks. It has been shown that there is variation in serum neutralizing antibodies among people over time [21,41–43]. Poor immune responses or waning immunity may result in some individuals dropping below a protective threshold.…”