“…Indeed, this led several authorities to confuse the diagnoses of melancholia and (catatonic) stupor. Kayser–Petersen, in a 1924 review of the literature on ‘depressive disturbances of consciousness’ going back to Antiquity, gives a comprehensive account of stupor without even mentioning catatonia (8). In addition, the early medical literature abounds with patients who had both stupor and catalepsy.…”