This paper discusses the similarities and differences between Chinese and western modern and contemporary art theories, including definitions, viewpoints and ideas. By comparing the similarities and differences between modern and contemporary Chinese and Western art theories, we can deepen the understanding of artistic concepts under different cultural backgrounds. Artistic exchange and cooperation between China and the West are of great significance, but they also face challenges such as language, cultural differences and power inequality. By strengthening the dialogue and cooperation, the goal of artistic cross-cultural exchange can be realized.