Walnut Supplementation in the Diet Reduces Oxidative Damage and Improves Antioxidant Status in Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Pandareesh, M. D.; Chauhan, Ved; Chauhan, Abha

doi:10.3233/jad-180361

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The metabolism of lipid peroxides produces MDA, indirectly reflecting the severity of free radical attack by. Consistent with previous results [33], we found that the concentration of MDA was significantly increased in N2a-APPsw cells. However, it was significantly decreased by EGb treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Gingko biloba Extract (EGb) Inhibits Oxidative Stress in Neuro 2A Cells Overexpressing APPsw

Chen

Zhang

Han

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. Abundant evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress may be not only an early event in this disease, but also a key factor in the pathogenesis of AD. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) has a strong ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals and supply hydrogen. The present study aims to investigate the effects of EGb on Neuro 2A cells transfected with Swedish mutant APP (APPsw). Stably transfected Neuro 2A cell lines expressing human wild-type APP (APP695), APPsw, or empty vector(neo) pEGFP-N2 were treated with 100 μg/ml EGb for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring free radicals and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Our studies showed that EGb treatment reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly while total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were enhanced in Neuro 2A cells overexpressing APPsw. Meanwhile, Aβ levels in these cells were also reduced compared to the levels in untreated cells and control cells (empty vector(neo) pEGFP-N2). These findings suggest that EGb can reduce oxidative stress by decreasing free radical and enhancing antioxidant status, further leading to reduced Aβ aggregation; EGb might be a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Gingko biloba Extract (EGb) Inhibits Oxidative Stress in Neuro 2A Cells Overexpressing APPsw

Chen

Zhang

Han

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…Transgenic mice fed diets containing walnuts exhibited significantly reduced oxidative stress, as demonstrated by decreased levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation and enhanced activities of anti-oxidant enzymes compared with those in the control diet mice. Long-term supplementation with walnuts was more effective in reducing oxidative stress in this animal model [78]. These observations indicate that walnut can reduce oxidative stress, not only by scavenging free radicals, but also by maintaining the anti-oxidant status.…”

Section: Effects Of Walnut On Lipotoxicity (Oxidative Stress)supporting

confidence: 58%

Can Walnut Serve as a Magic Bullet for the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Kim

Choi

2020

Applied Sciences

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Walnut contains many nutrients and bioactive components such as essential fatty acids, polyphenols, fiber, ɤ-tocopherol, folate, minerals, and vegetable protein, and has therefore been regarded as a natural functional food. Walnut-enriched diets have been demonstrated to be useful for heart health, cancer prevention, and metabolic disorders owing to their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties as well as for the maintenance of a healthy metabolism and immune function. Walnut extracts, either phenolic or lipid, also demonstrated the health effects in animal and cultured cell studies. More recently, the beneficial effects of walnut consumption on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is a hepatic manifestation of obesity, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome with substantial hepatic accumulation of triglyceride, have been proposed because walnut and a walnut-containing diet can modulate the etiologic mechanism such as ameliorating systemic and hepatic dyslipidemia, reducing lipotoxicity and inflammation, enhancing immune function, and maintaining gut microbiota balance. Through the extensive literature review we discuss the preventive roles of walnut in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and provide mechanistic insights into these effects.

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“…Oxidative stress was observed to be significantly reduced in AD-tg mice on diets with 6% (T6) or 9% walnuts (T9), as shown by lower levels of ROS, decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, and significant improvement in activities of antioxidant enzymes in these mice compared to control T0 mice. Long-term supplementation with walnuts in the diet for 10 or 15 months was found to be more effective in reducing ROS levels and oxidative damage to lipids and proteins and in improving antioxidant status in comparison with short-term supplementation with walnuts for 5 months in AD-tg mice [37].…”

Section: Walnuts Decrease Aβ-induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Damagementioning

confidence: 93%

“…To further understand the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with walnuts in AD, we recently studied whether short-or long-term supplementation with walnuts in the diet can reduce oxidative damage and/or enhance antioxidant defense in AD-tg mice [37]. AD-tg mice consuming a control diet without walnuts (T0) showed a significant age-dependent increase in ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation, which was coupled with decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase) compared to wild-type mice on the control diet.…”

Section: Walnuts Decrease Aβ-induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Walnuts on Cognition and Brain Health

Chauhan

2020

Nutrients

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Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have important roles in the aging process, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and other brain disorders. Amyloid beta protein (Aβ) is the main component of amyloid plaques in the brains of people with AD. Several studies suggest that Aβ increases the generation of free radicals in neurons, which leads to oxidative damage and cell death. Aβ can also induce neuroinflammation by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Walnuts contain several components that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Animal and human studies from our and other groups suggest that supplementation with walnuts in the diet may improve cognition and reduce the risk and/or progression of MCI and AD. In the transgenic AD mouse model (AD-tg), we have reported the beneficial effects of a diet with walnuts on memory, learning, motor coordination, anxiety, and locomotor activity. Human clinical trials have also suggested an association of walnut consumption with better cognitive performance and improvement in memory when compared to baseline in adults. Our recent study in AD-tg mice has shown that a walnut-enriched diet significantly improves antioxidant defense and decreases free radicals’ levels, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation when compared to a control diet without walnuts. These findings suggest that a diet with walnuts can reduce oxidative stress by decreasing the generation of free radicals and by boosting antioxidant defense, thus resulting in decreased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. An in vitro study with synthetic Aβ showed that walnut extract can inhibit Aβ fibrillization and solubilize the preformed Aβ fibrils, suggesting an anti-amyloidogenic property of walnuts. Because it takes many years for cognitive impairment and dementia to develop, we suggest that early and long-term dietary supplementation with walnuts may help to maintain cognitive functions and may reduce the risk of developing, or delay the onset and/or slow the progression of, MCI and dementia by decreasing Aβ fibrillization, reducing oxidative damage, increasing antioxidant defense, and decreasing neuroinflammation. Furthermore, several animal and human studies have suggested that walnuts may also decrease the risk or progression of other brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and depression, as well as of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Together, these reports suggest the benefits of a walnut-enriched diet in brain disorders and in other chronic diseases, due to the additive or synergistic effects of walnut components for protection against oxidative stress and inflammation in these diseases.

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Walnut Supplementation in the Diet Reduces Oxidative Damage and Improves Antioxidant Status in Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 33 publications

References 75 publications

Gingko biloba Extract (EGb) Inhibits Oxidative Stress in Neuro 2A Cells Overexpressing APPsw

Gingko biloba Extract (EGb) Inhibits Oxidative Stress in Neuro 2A Cells Overexpressing APPsw

Can Walnut Serve as a Magic Bullet for the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Beneficial Effects of Walnuts on Cognition and Brain Health

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