Walnut (Juglans spp.) ecophysiology in response to environmental stresses and potential acclimation to climate change

Gauthier, Martin-Michel; Jacobs, Douglass F.

doi:10.1007/s13595-011-0135-6

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…We also found that the locus AX-170770379, strongly associated with harvesting date (Marrano et al 2019), falls within a genomic region on Chr1 with an FST value equal to 0.39 and lower genetic diversity in the western genotypes (ROD = 0.63; Supplemental Table S19 ). Looking at the phenotypic effect of this SNP on the harvest date of the 23 founders, we observed that most of the western genotypes are later harvesting than the eastern ( Supplemental Figure S13 ), suggesting differences in the timing of phenological events between these two groups as adaptation to the different climate conditions present in their countries of origin (Gauthier and Jacobs 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the walnut (Juglans regiaL) reference genome

Marrano

Britton

Zaini

et al. 2019

Preprint

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27The release of the first reference genome of walnut (Juglans regia L.) enabled many achievements 28 in the characterization of walnut genetic and functional variation. However, it is highly 29 fragmented, preventing the integration of genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic information to 30 fully elucidate walnut biological processes. Here we report the new chromosome-scale assembly 31 of the walnut reference genome (Chandler v2.0) obtained by combining Oxford Nanopore long-32 read sequencing with chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technology. Relative to the 33 previous reference genome, the new assembly features an 84.4-fold increase in N50 size, and the 34 full sequence of all 16 chromosomal pseudomolecules, nine of which present telomere sequences 35 at both ends. Using full-length transcripts from single-molecule real-time sequencing, we predicted 36 40,491 gene models, with a mean gene length higher than the previous gene annotations. Most of 37 the new protein-coding genes (90%) are full-length, which represents a significant improvement 38 compared to Chandler v1.0 (only 48%). We then tested the potential impact of the new 39 chromosome-level genome on different areas of walnut research. By studying the proteome 40 changes occurring during catkin development, we observed that the virtual proteome obtained 41 from Chandler v2.0 presents fewer artifacts than the previous reference genome, enabling the 42 identification of a new potential pollen allergen in walnut. Also, the new chromosome-scale 43 genome facilitates in-depth studies of intraspecies genetic diversity by revealing previously 44 undetected autozygous regions in Chandler, likely resulting from inbreeding, and 195 genomic 45 regions highly differentiated between Western and Eastern walnut cultivars. Overall, Chandler 46 v2.0 is a valuable resource to understand and explore walnut biology better.47 48Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is among the top three most-consumed nuts in the world, and 50 over the last ten years, its global production increased by 37% (International Nut and Dried Fruit 51

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the walnut (Juglans regiaL) reference genome

Marrano

Britton

Zaini

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The event caused obvious changes to the climatic suitability of the studied co-occurring species, irrespective of species' fit to previous climatic conditions. The fact that species historically living under more suitable climatic conditions failed to show greater resistance to an extreme drought event could be explained by the fact that species chronically subjected to suboptimal conditions can become acclimated (Gauthier and Jacobs 2011). Several studies have reported that trees that have previously experienced favorable conditions (i.e., that promoted growth) showed higher vulnerability to drought (McCulloh et al 2012, Rowland et al 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species climatic niche explains drought‐induced die‐off in a Mediterranean woody community

2017

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Abstract. During the last decades, plant die-off has been reported worldwide as a result of increased frequency and intensity of extreme drought events. From a niche perspective, a species performance should decrease as the climatic conditions defining a drought event differ from those characterizing the species climatic niche (the average conditions experienced by the species). Species distribution models (SDMs) can potentially be used to test the link between species performance and their climatic niche by means of climatic suitability indexes. We studied the remaining green canopy of 18 woody species co-occurring in a Mediterranean shrubland from the central Iberian Peninsula that experienced a severe die-off following an extreme drought event. We found that the suitability of the climatic conditions estimated by SDMs strongly declined for all species during the extreme drought event. Species die-off was significantly explained by the decrease in climatic suitability during the event, estimated as the ratio between the historic and the extreme event climatic suitability. Species with high occupancy levels across the landscape exhibited higher die-off likely because (1) these species have short life-span and mortality would be compensated by later high recruitment or (2) populations of rare species may have experienced local adaptation to drier conditions. Our results indicate that extreme drought events can have a negative effect, even in shrubland communities living in arid environments. Also, we develop a new approach that connects population-level responses to species climatic niches through SDMs, and it can be applied to predict community responses to strong climatic variability, such as drought events.

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“…Consequently, total annual precipitation amounts were higher at areas in proximity to these mountain chains as recorded by the German Meteorological Service. 31 Given the correlation of altitude with 2 H-values (‰) of precipitation, 2 H-values (‰) of the walnuts were investigated for the same correlation. With the walnut sampling site in BW being at greater altitude than the one in HE (270 m a.s.l.…”

Section: H Values (‰) Of Walnuts From Different Regions In Germany Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Walnut trees and other tree crops are characterized by limited nitrogen-uptake, which usually lies at ∼30-50% of available nitrogen. 2,40,45 For instance, field studies with 14 N-labeled fertilizers in matured walnut trees of the cultivar Juglans regia cv. Hartley resulted in a rather poor nitrogen-fertilizer use efficiency of 29%, and only ∼8% of totally applied nitrogen-fertilizer was used by the trees for fruit and leaf formation in the year of fertilization.…”

Section: N-values (‰) Of German Walnutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,10,12,13 While soil water is taken up by plants through the roots and transported into the plant tissues with almost no isotopic fractionations, [14][15][16][17] subsequent metabolic processes within plant tissues lead to isotope fractionations. 11,18 Since isotope fractionations from water to a given plant are predictable, 2 H-values (‰) of plant material indirectly reflect the isotopic signature of the water taken up during growth and thus give indications on its environmental surroundings. 14,19 Isoscapes for atmospheric water, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable isotope signatures (δ²H‐, δ¹³C‐, δ¹⁵N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany

2020

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BACKGROUND: Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are considered of high value for human nutrition and are cultivated worldwide. With globalization, however, the demand for regional products has increased. Isotopic fingerprints ( 2 H-, 15 N-and 13 C-values (‰)) created by means of stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry provide the possibility of tracing the geographical provenance of plant foods. RESULTS: Authentic walnut samples from different geographical regions in Germany could be separated from each other by means of their bulk 2 H-values (‰) with samples from northern regions being more enriched in 2 H than samples collected from southern Germany. Next to precipitation data, the topography of the surrounding landscape of the sampling sites was taken into account for data interpretation by the creation of approximate elevation profiles. Moreover, German walnuts could be separated from French walnuts which showed significantly higher 2 H-values (‰). Variations in annual total precipitation was reflected by the shift in 2 H-ranges (‰) depending on the harvesting year. Additionally, organic walnuts could be well separated from conventionally produced walnuts due to their distinct 15 N-values (‰) which could be ascribed to a cultivation practice common for organic farming.CONCLUSIONS: The data presented here outlined the potential of determining isotopic fingerprints of walnuts from different sites within one country for tracing their regional origin and revealing their cultivation conditions. Including topographic characteristics between the sampling locations as well as precipitation data helped to even differentiate walnuts from two adjoining countries.

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Walnut (Juglans spp.) ecophysiology in response to environmental stresses and potential acclimation to climate change

Cited by 41 publications

References 108 publications

High-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the walnut (Juglans regiaL) reference genome

High-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the walnut (Juglans regiaL) reference genome

Species climatic niche explains drought‐induced die‐off in a Mediterranean woody community

Stable isotope signatures (δ²H‐, δ¹³C‐, δ¹⁵N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany

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Walnut (Juglans spp.) ecophysiology in response to environmental stresses and potential acclimation to climate change

Cited by 41 publications

References 108 publications

High-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the walnut (Juglans regiaL) reference genome

High-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the walnut (Juglans regiaL) reference genome

Species climatic niche explains drought‐induced die‐off in a Mediterranean woody community

Stable isotope signatures (δ2H‐, δ13C‐, δ15N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany

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Stable isotope signatures (δ²H‐, δ¹³C‐, δ¹⁵N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany