Walleye and Yellow Perch Pond Fertilization

Hartleb, Christopher F.; Johnson, John A.; Held, James A.

doi:10.1002/9781118329443.ch11

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The development of filamentous green algae in AFM (Pond 30) and AFM + SBM ponds was most likely underway prior to the last week of the culture period and continued to proliferate as harvest approached [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filamentous Green Algae Reduce Walleye Fingerling Production in Earthen-Substrate Ponds

Ward¹,

Rasmus²

2021

OJAS

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Reduced walleye (Sander vitreus) fingerling production possibly related to nuisance filamentous green algae and overly stable water chemistry patterns is a concern in earthen-substrate ponds at Blue Dog State Fish Hatchery, South Dakota, USA. We describe the success of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) meal (AFM, n = 2), alfalfa meal plus soybean (Glycine max) meal (AFM + SBM, n = 1), and alfalfa meal plus liquid 28N:0P:0K (AFM + 28:0:0, n = 1) at achieving walleye production objectives (>104,000 walleye and 32 kilograms/hectare) as well as the occurrence of filamentous green algae and the associated patterns of ammonia-nitrogen, pH, and dissolved oxygen in earthen-substrate ponds. Walleye production objectives were only achieved when filamentous green algae were absent preceding harvest, which occurred in one pond that received AFM and in the pond that received AFM + 28:0:0. The presence of filamentous green algae preceding harvest was associated with higher dissolved oxygen and pH, whereas declines in these variables occurred when filamentous green algae were absent. Organic fertilizer alone exhibited low ammonia-nitrogen (<0.1 mg/L) despite the substitution of higher protein content soybean meal, but supplementation with 28:0:0 increased ammonia-nitrogen to 0.23 mg/L. These findings highlight the reduction in walleye fingerling production that occurred in the presence of filamentous green algae and the unpredictability of results when two earthen-substrate ponds are treated exactly the same with alfalfa meal. Achievement of walleye production objectives, lack of nuisance filamentous green algae, and promotion of favorable patterns in water chemistry warrant future experimentation with alfalfa meal supplemented with 28:0:0 in earthen-substrate ponds at this hatchery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filamentous Green Algae Reduce Walleye Fingerling Production in Earthen-Substrate Ponds

Ward¹,

Rasmus²

2021

OJAS

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“…Filamentous green algae were absent during pond draining in AFM+28:0:0 treatment, but present within the AFM treatment. The negative aspects of filamentous green algae are well known and include loss of fish due to entanglement (Culver, 1996), increased workload during pond harvest (Hartleb et al, 2012) and inefficiencies within the food web that can reduce walleye production (Hartleb et al, 2012;Ward & Rasmus, 2021). Increasing nitrogen input via regular 28:0:0 supplementation deterred filamentous green algae in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Nutrients in chemical fertilizers are immediately available to the biota (Hartleb et al 2012) and therefore may improve availability of ammonium. Supplementing an alfalfa regimen with liquid 28N:0P:0K has shown potential for improved walleye production and the desired pattern in dissolved oxygen, pH, and ammonia-nitrogen (Ward and Rasmus 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Fertilizer Regimen on Water Chemistry and Filamentous Green Algae in Earthen-Substrate Ponds

Ward¹

2022

ast

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Water chemistry patterns can be indicative of production potential during pond culture of walleye (Sander vitreus, ≈30 mm total length). However, achieving desired water chemistry patterns that reflect an increase in zooplankton, a reduction in phytoplankton, and a lack of nuisance filamentous green algae in large, earthen-substrate ponds can be challenging. During 2020, water chemistry variables and the occurrence of filamentous green algae were compared in fishless, earthen-substrate ponds (0.72 ha) that received either alfalfa meal (AFM, n=2) or alfalfa meal combined with inorganic nitrogen (AFM+28:0:0, n=2) over an approximate 30-day period. Alfalfa meal use was standard across all ponds (476 kg), while the concentration of inorganic nitrogen (ammonia-N + nitrate-N) was initially raised to 1.25 mg/L with subsequent applications, at three to five-day intervals, having a target concentration of 0.64 mg/L. Initial pH and dissolved oxygen were significantly higher, but pH became significantly lower over time in the AFM+28:0:0 treatment. Ammonia-nitrogen began similarly low (<0.1 mg/L) in both treatments but became and remained significantly higher (peaked 0.44 mg/L on June 9) with 28:0:0 supplementation. Nuisance, filamentous green algae were not observed with 28:0:0 supplementation but were present on the substrate of both ponds in the AFM treatment. Supplementing an alfalfa meal regimen with inorganic nitrogen every three to five days in earthen-substrate ponds deterred filamentous green algae and promoted water chemistry indicative of enhanced walleye fingerling production in previous trials.

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“…Yellow perch also can be produced on aquaculture farms, although there are problems associated with survival of the young fry (Hartleb and others ). A single aquaculture firm at Albany, Indiana, near Indianapolis, produces a large share of the yellow perch farmed in the U.S., but its level of output is still well below that of the Canadian Lake Erie fisheries.…”

Section: The Lake Erie Yellow Perch Fisherymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment, Culture, and The Great Lakes Fisheries

Hudson

Ziegler

2014

Geographical Review

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The commercial fisheries of the United States and Canadian Great Lakes are in a long period of decline. Detailed statistics kept for well over a century document a fluctuating pattern of harvests of the major commercial species. In the 1940s, sea lamprey began to devastate the fisheries, an effect that has not been fully countered. Overfishing, nonnative species, declining nutrient levels, and chemical pollution have contributed to reduced catches. Court decisions in the United States and Canada during the past thirty years have awarded a sizable share of commercial fishing rights to Native North Americans for their own support and sustenance. The Lake Erie yellow perch and walleye fishery, based mainly in Ontario, is the most successful commercial fishing operation in the region. Despite the many environmental and cultural challenges, the Great Lakes fisheries live on.

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Walleye and Yellow Perch Pond Fertilization

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Filamentous Green Algae Reduce Walleye Fingerling Production in Earthen-Substrate Ponds

Filamentous Green Algae Reduce Walleye Fingerling Production in Earthen-Substrate Ponds

The Influence of Fertilizer Regimen on Water Chemistry and Filamentous Green Algae in Earthen-Substrate Ponds

Environment, Culture, and The Great Lakes Fisheries

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