Wall stress in the normal and hypertrophied human left ventricle

Hood, William P.; Rackley, Charles E.; Rolett, Ellis L.

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(68)90161-6

Cited by 308 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Diminished systemic perfusion leads to redistribution of cardiac output and neurohumoral activation. When compensatory mechanisms become inadequate, overt heart failure (HF) develops (Hood et al, 1968) in a way similar to other models of LV hypertrophy-HF transition (Hatt et al, 1979;Legault et al, 1990;Ruzicka et al, 1993;Ryan et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial Morphological Characteristics and Proarrhythmic Substrate in the Rat Model of Heart Failure Due to Chronic Volume Overload

Beneš

Melenovský

Škaroupková

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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Chronic volume overload leads to cardiac hypertrophy and later to heart failure (HF), which are both associated with increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. The goal of this study was to describe changes in myocardial morphology and to characterize arrhythmogenic substrate in rat model of developing HF due to volume overload. An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was created in male Wistar rats between the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta using needle technique. Myocardial morphology, tissue fibrosis, and connexin43 distribution, localization and phosphorylation were examined using confocal microscopy and Western blotting in the stage of compensated hypertrophy (11 weeks), and decompensated HF (21 weeks). Heart to body weight (BW) ratio was 89% and 133% higher in AVF rats at 11 and 21 weeks, respectively. At 21 weeks but not 11 weeks, AVF rats had pulmonary congestion (increased lung to BW ratio) indicating presence of decompensated HF. The myocytes in left ventricular midmyocardium were significantly thicker (þ8% and þ45%) and longer (þ88% and þ97%). Despite extensive hypertrophy, there was no excessive fibrosis in the AVF ventricles. Distribution and localization of connexin43 were similar between groups, but its phosphorylation was significantly lower in AVF hearts at 21st week, but not 11th week, suggesting that HF,

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confidence: 99%

Myocardial Morphological Characteristics and Proarrhythmic Substrate in the Rat Model of Heart Failure Due to Chronic Volume Overload

Beneš

Melenovský

Škaroupková

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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“…Left ventricular wall thickness in normal subjects was reported by Kennedy et al to be 10.9 ± 2.0 mm (SD) and by Hood and associates to be 8.5 ± 0.5 mm (SD). 43 '3 Left ventricular mass calculated in these two studies was 167 and 164 grams. Falsetti, using the single plane technique in the right anterior oblique position, reported an average end-diastolic volume of 104 ml/m2; endsystolic volume, 31 Left atrial and ventricular volumes have been measured in children with conditions which produce pressure and volume overloads.…”

Section: Left Ventricular Functionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Several investigators have reported normal values for left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and mass in adults using the biplane angiographic technique.8' 37, 43,57,91,93 End-diastolic volume ranged from 70 to 95 ml/M2, and endsystolic volume from 24 to 36 ml/m2. Ejection fraction in two studies of patients without heart disease was 0.67 ± 0.08 and 0.67 ± 0.03 (SD).…”

Section: Left Ventricular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative evaluation of left ventricular function by radiographic techniques.

Rackley¹

1976

Circulation

106

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since these initial contributions to quantitative angiocardiography, the principles and techniques have remained generally unchanged and are testimony to the clear understanding of ventricular dynamics shown by these investigators. Biplane radiographic equipment and filming devices, direct manual measurements from the ventriculogram, geometric assumptions, and extensive mathematical calculations were basic to these methods for estimation of left ventricular volume. The studies of Arvidsson and Dodge were performed using large cut-films which had filming speeds of six biplane film pairs per second. Chapman and colleagues photographed the anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopic screens in early experimental and clinical studies. The duration of filming was 3 to 5 sec. TechniqueCurrently utilized radiographic equipment for quantitative angiocardiography includes biplane large film changers with 6 to 12 film pairs per second, biplane cinefluorographic units with filming speeds of 30 to 60 frames per second, and single plane cinefluorographic units. The large film ventriculograms allow a limited number of sequential observations but produce superior clarity of the opacified ventricle. The left ventricle and left atrium can be demonstrated. Cineangiograms may not provide the sharpness of the margins of the opacified chamber that can be obtained with large films but provide more sequential volume observations per unit of time. Moderately dilated left ventricles may not be completely contained within the cine frame.Not only is the radiographic technique important for delineation of the opacified left ventricular chamber, but the site of injection of contrast material influences the quality of the image of the opacified ventricle that is used for tracing

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“…g'(h) = 3.3h2-2(a + l.lb)h + (ab + l.lb/4)h (4) h = lh -g(h)/g'(h) (5) where g(h) is a function of h, g'(h) is the first derivative of the function, and lh represents the value of h from the preceding iteration. This is the method used by Hugenholz et a].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The superiority of maximum fiber elastance over maximum stress-volume ratio as an index of contractile state.

Wisenbaugh¹,

Yu²,

Evans³

1985

Circulation

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The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship has been used as a load-independent measure of ventricular pump performance. Since ume ratio or the slope of the stress-volume relationship at end-systole to changes in contractile state. We therefore examined the effects of postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) of inotropic state and of altered ventricular volume and load on the maximum stress-volume ratio (MSVR) and the slope of the end-systolic stress-volume relationship (fiber Emax) in open-chest dogs instrumented with sonomicrometer crystals and micromanometer-tip pressure transducers. MethodsAnimal studies were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the American Physiologic Society. Adult mongrel dogs anesthetized with 1 mg/kg im morphine, 350 mg/kg iv urethane, and 45 mg/kg iv a-chloralose were ventilated on a respirator through an endotracheal tube. Through a left lateral thoracotomy, the pericardium was opened and two orthogonal pairs of 5 MHz piezoelectrical crystals 5 mm in diameter were sutured at the major and minor axes, as previously described.6 A snare was placed around the descending thoracic aorta. Through branches of the femoral artery, No. 7F micromanometer-tip catheters were introduced into the left ventricle and proximal aorta. A large-bore cannula was inserted into the inferior vena cava through a femoral vein. Bipolar epicardial electrodes were su-CIRCULATION

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Wall stress in the normal and hypertrophied human left ventricle

Cited by 308 publications

References 25 publications

Myocardial Morphological Characteristics and Proarrhythmic Substrate in the Rat Model of Heart Failure Due to Chronic Volume Overload

Myocardial Morphological Characteristics and Proarrhythmic Substrate in the Rat Model of Heart Failure Due to Chronic Volume Overload

Quantitative evaluation of left ventricular function by radiographic techniques.

The superiority of maximum fiber elastance over maximum stress-volume ratio as an index of contractile state.

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