Wall Shear Stress Measurement in Carotid Artery Phantoms with Variation in Degree of Stenosis Using Plane Wave Vector Doppler

Abstract

Wall shear stress (WSS) plays an important role in the formation, growth, and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques in arteries. This study measured WSS in diseased carotid artery phantoms with degrees of stenosis varying from 0 to 60% with both steady and pulsatile flow. Experiments were performed using in silico and real flow phantoms. Blood velocities were estimated using plane wave (PW) vector Doppler. Wall shear stress was then estimated from the velocity gradient near the wall multiplied by the viscosity of a blood-mimicking fluid. The estimated WSS using the in silico phantom agreed within 10% of the ground-truth values (root-mean-square error). The phantom experiment showed that the mean WSS and maximum WSS increased with the increasing degree of stenosis. The simulation and experiment results provide the necessary validation data to give confidence in WSS measurements in patients using the PW vector Doppler technique.

Development and Evaluation of a Multifrequency Ultrafast Doppler Spectral Analysis (MFUDSA) Algorithm for Wall Shear Stress Measurement: A Simulation and In Vitro Study

“…However, the ultrafast mode has several significant benefits compared to PW Doppler, for example it can acquire the same velocity information in a fraction of the time and with much less reliance of operator skill, as the transducer would not have to be held still for long periods of time, and the relatively short plane wave insonation minimizes artifacts due to respiratory and abdominal movement. A recent study by Yang et al [43] showed an alternative means of acquiring WSS values using plane wave acquisitions. In this study, a series of carotid artery phantoms with varying degree of stenosis were analysed using a plane wave Doppler technique.…”

Hemodynamical behavior analysis of anemic, diabetic, and healthy blood flow in the carotid artery

“…The arterial wall shear stress may be estimated using the following Eq. (4) [ 37 ]: And the skin friction co-efficient is defined using the following Eq. (5) [ 38 ]: …”