Vertical and/or short takeoff and landing (VSTOL) aircraft have a number of unique propulsion integration challenges ranging from the design of engine inlets that have to work at optimum efficiency from zero forward speed up to the maximum design speed of the aircraft; the control of the aircraft at speeds too low for aerodynamic control effectiveness; aerodynamic suckdown in powered lift flight; and, not least, the issue of controlling the propulsive jets once they hit the ground. This article gives some background to each of these issues and illustrates how designers have tackled the problems they pose in a range of different aircraft.