Walking speed influences on gait cycle variability

Jordan, Kimberlee; Challis, John H.; Newell, Karl M.

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.08.010

Cited by 449 publications

(354 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The preferred walking speed (PWS) was established using a wellestablished protocol (Jordan et al 2007). Initially, the participants walked at a relatively slow speed, and then the investigator increased the speed in .1 km h −1 increments until the participants reported their PWS.…”

Section: Gait Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

Decker

Cignetti

Hunt

et al. 2016

AGE

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A U-shaped relationship between cognitive demand and gait control may exist in dual-task situations, reflecting opposing effects of external focus of attention and attentional resource competition. The purpose of the study was twofold: to examine whether gait control, as evaluated from step-to-step variability, is related to cognitive task difficulty in a U-shaped manner and to determine whether age modifies this relationship. Young and older adults walked on a treadmill without attentional requirement and while performing a dichotic listening task under three attention conditions: nonforced (NF), forced-right (FR), and forced-left (FL). The conditions increased in their attentional demand and requirement for inhibitory control. Gait control was evaluated by the variability of step parameters related to balance control (step width) and rhythmic stepping pattern (step length and step time). A Ushaped relationship was found for step width variability in both young and older adults and for step time variability in older adults only. Cognitive performance during dual tasking was maintained in both young and older adults. The U-shaped relationship, which presumably results from a trade-off between an external focus of attention and competition for attentional resources, implies that higher-level cognitive processes are involved in walking in young and older adults. Specifically, while these processes are initially involved only in the control of (lateral) balance during gait, they become necessary for the control of (fore-aft) rhythmic stepping pattern in older adults, suggesting that attentional resources turn out to be needed in all facets of walking with aging. Finally, despite the cognitive resources required by walking, both young and older adults spontaneously adopted a Bposture second^strategy, prioritizing the cognitive task over the gait task.

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Section: Gait Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

Decker

Cignetti

Hunt

et al. 2016

AGE

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“…It was noted that the three outliers from the data were the three fastest walkers, which suggests that when walking at higher speeds, an increased likelihood exists of greater variability between level-ground and treadmill RT3 accelerometer VM counts/min. Variability of gait parameters on a treadmill within a nondisabled population appears to depend on speed [42], age [43], and to a lesser degree, sex [44]. The relatively heterogeneous population in terms of age, walking velocities, and sex may have contributed to these findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Construct validity of RT3 accelerometer: A comparison of level-ground and treadmill walking at self-selected speeds

Hendrick¹,

Boyd²,

Low³

et al. 2010

JRRD

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Abstract-This study examined differences in accelerometer output when subjects walked on level ground and on a treadmill. We asked 25 nondisabled participants to wear an RT3 triaxial accelerometer (StayHealthy, Inc; Monrovia, California) and walk at their "normal" and "brisk" walking speeds for 10 minutes. These activities were repeated on a treadmill using the individual speeds from level-ground walking on two occasions 1 week apart. Paired t-tests found a difference in RT3 accelerometer vector magnitude (VM) counts/min between the two walking speeds on both surfaces on days 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). Although we found no significant differences between VM counts/min on the two surfaces at normal and brisk speeds on days 1 and 2 (p > 0.05), we found wide limits of agreement between level ground and treadmill walking at both speeds. Measurement and discrimination of walking intensity employing RT3 accelerometer VM counts/min on the treadmill demonstrated reasonable validity and stability over two time points compared with level-ground walking.

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“…3). Subsequent studies also demonstrated that the fractal-like fluctuations are present even when healthy participants run or walk on a treadmill (Frenkel-Toledo et al, 2005b;Jordan, Challis, & Newell, 2006, 2007a. Thus, the fractal dynamics of the stride interval are normally quite robust, they are apparently intrinsic to the locomotor system, and they exist at a wide range of gait speeds.…”

Section: Robust Nature Of the Fractal Fluctuationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: Finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking

Hausdorff

2007

Human Movement Science

712

594

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Until recently, quantitative studies of walking have typically focused on properties of a typical or average stride, ignoring the stride-to-stride fluctuations and considering these fluctuations to be noise. Work over the past two decades has demonstrated, however, that the alleged noise actually conveys important information. The magnitude of the stride-to-stride fluctuations and their changes over time during a walk -gait dynamics -may be useful in understanding the physiology of gait, in quantifying age-related and pathologic alterations in the locomotor control system, and in augmenting objective measurement of mobility and functional status Indeed, alterations in gait dynamics may help to determine disease severity, medication utility, and fall risk, and to objectively document improvements in response to therapeutic interventions, above and beyond what can be gleaned from measures based on the average, typical stride. This review discusses support for the idea that gait dynamics has meaning and may be useful in providing insight into the neural control of locomtion and for enhancing functional assessment of aging, chronic disease, and their impact on mobility.

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Walking speed influences on gait cycle variability

Cited by 449 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

Construct validity of RT3 accelerometer: A comparison of level-ground and treadmill walking at self-selected speeds

Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: Finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking

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