Wakes in collisionless plasma

Fournier, G.; Pigache, D.

doi:10.1063/1.861043

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the range t 0.5, the results measured for −Φ w 10 are in better agreement with the values of n is calculated by formula (73) from [2]. For −Φ w < 10 and t 0.25, the experimental results of the present work and [9] and the ionospheric measurements on the Ariél-1 artificial satellite are closer to the values of n is calculated in [6] and to the values of n is calculated by formula (69) from [2].…”

Section: Interaction Of a Solid With A Supersonic Rarefied Plasma Flowsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…With allowance for the influence of the electric field on the motion of ions in a solid-fitted system, we can use the integral dependences n is [Φ(r)] from [6] for the current density of ions in the near wake behind an axisymmetric 7) with the dependence nis(Φ) from [6] with Sei = 4.5, ξei = 1, R ds ≈ 101, and −Φw = 3; curves 2 and 3 are the results of calculations by formulas (69) and (73) from [2], respectively, with ξei = 4 and with a spherical shape correction; points 4 refer to the results measured in the present work for Sei = 4.3, ξei ≈ 4, R ds ≈ 117, and −Φw = 1.8; points 5-8 refer to the results measured in [8] for Sei = 8.83, R ds ≈ 14, −Φw = 5, and ξei 5 (5), Sei = 8.37, R ds ≈ 50, Φw ≈ 0, and ξei = 2 (6), Sei ≈ 8.06, R ds ≈ 30, Φw ≈ 0, and ξei 5 (7), and Sei ≈ 7.4, R ds ≈ 10, −Φw ≈ 1.0, and ξei 5 (8); points 9 are the results measured in [2] in the ionosphere of the Arieĺ-1 artificial satellite for Sei = 5, R ds ≈ 10, −Φw ≈ 6, and ξei ≈ 1; points 10 are the results measured in [9] in the wake behind a sphere for Sei = 5.7, R ds ≈ 26, −Φw ≈ 3, and ξei = 1.…”

Section: Interaction Of a Solid With A Supersonic Rarefied Plasma Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Charge transfer by high-energy electrons onto the leeward surfaces of a solid in a supersonic rarefied plasma flow

Shuvalov

Priimak

Bandel

et al. 2008

J Appl Mech Tech Phys

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Numerical and experimental dependence of equilibrium potentials of the leeward surfaces on the ratio of concentrations of high-energy electrons and positive ions in a supersonic rarefied plasma flow around a solid are obtained.Introduction. Electrodynamic interaction of solids with the polar ionosphere in the Earth's shadow is a superposition of two effects: irradiation by high-energy electrons and the flow of a "cold" rarefied plasma. If the concentration of positive ions near the body surface is N iw 10 4 cm −3 , negative charges up to a voltage of 1 kV are collected on the dielectric [1]. The main role in charging the solid surfaces in the polar ionosphere in the Earth's shadow belongs to hot electrons with energy from 1 to 35 keV (captured in radiation belts and propagating along the lines of magnetic force toward the Earth surface) and positive ions of the "cold" ionospheric plasma. The effects and consequences of high-voltage differential charging are most hazardous for the leeward surfaces of extended and electrodynamically large solids (R/λ ds > 10) and also for small solids in the near wake behind them [R is the characteristic size of the solid; λ ds = kT es /(4πe 2 N es ) is the Debye screening length of the undisturbed plasma, k is the Boltzmann constant, e is the electron charge, T es 0.3 eV is the temperature, and N es is the concentration of electrons in the "cold" plasma].The numerical study of high-voltage charging of the leeward surfaces of a solid in a polar plasma involves the solution of nonlinear integrodifferential Vlasov-Poisson equations for a supersonic flow and current-balance equations on the irradiated surface. The values of the coefficients of interaction between the charged particles and the surface for a particular material are determined experimentally.In the experimental study of high-voltage charging, it is necessary to reproduce the current density distribution in the near wake behind the solid in a supersonic rarefied plasma flow and simultaneous irradiation of the leeward surfaces by high-energy electrons with energy from 1 to 35 keV [1]. The test set designed for such studies has to combine the characteristics of a plasma gas-dynamic tunnel and an electrodynamic facility. The conditions of charging of dielectric solids in a polar plasma can be modeled (simulated) in a closed volume of such a test set. The difficulties of such studies are caused by the necessity of simultaneous implementation of conditions of plasma-gas-dynamic and electrophysical interactions in the solid-plasma system. The accuracy and reliability of the predicted level of charging of the leeward surfaces are determined by the agreement between the calculated values of the solid potentials and the data of ionospheric and test-set measurements.In the near wake behind an electrodynamically large solid, the concentration of positive ions of the "cold" plasma N is is several orders lower than its value N i∞ in the undisturbed plasma with an almost unchanged concentration of high-energy electrons N eh . This fact...

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Section: Interaction Of a Solid With A Supersonic Rarefied Plasma Flowsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Interaction Of a Solid With A Supersonic Rarefied Plasma Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge transfer by high-energy electrons onto the leeward surfaces of a solid in a supersonic rarefied plasma flow

Shuvalov

Priimak

Bandel

et al. 2008

J Appl Mech Tech Phys

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“…It is well known that a charged particle or macroobject, immersed in a flowing plasma, creates a perturbed region (a wake) behind itself. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Wakefield potential is often invoked to explain a vertical alignment of dust particles levitating in the plasma sheath of capacitive radio-frequency (RF) discharge. In such a plasma, ions have a directed velocity relative to stationary dust particles 12 which in turn acquire a significant negative charge (10 3 -10 4 elementary charges) due to the higher electron mobility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution of the inverse Langevin problem for open dissipative systems with anisotropic interparticle interaction

et al. 2015

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Solution of the inverse Langevin problem is presented for open dissipative systems with anisotropic interparticle interaction. Possibility of applying this solution for experimental determining the anisotropic interaction forces between dust particles in complex plasmas with ion flow is considered. For this purpose, we have tested the method on the results of numerical simulation of chain structures of particles with quasidipole-dipole interaction, similar to the one occurring due to effects of ion focusing in gas discharges. Influence of charge spatial inhomogeneity and fluctuations on the results of recovery is also discussed. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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“…Samir et al [1983] provides a good review of wake filling, and Hastings [1995] includes wake interactions in his review of the physics of spacecraftenvironment interactions. Many researchers have addressed wake structure in the laboratory, including Meassick et al [1991], Fournier and Pigache [1975], Wright et al [1985], and Enloe et al [1993]. In addition to earlier measurements on satellites, measurements of the space shuttle orbiter wake have been made with charged particle probes [Samir et al, 1986] and with the University of Iowa Plasma Diagnostics Package (PDP) Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐voltage interactions in plasma wakes: Simulation and flight measurements from the Charge Hazards and Wake Studies (CHAWS) experiment

Davis¹,

Mandell²,

Cooke³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. The Charge Hazards and Wake Studies (CHAWS) flight experiment flew on the Wake Shield Facility (WSF) aboard STS-60 and STS-69. The experiment studied highvoltage current collection within the spacecraft wake. The wake-side sensor was a 45-cmlong, biasable cylindrical probe mounted on the 3.66-m-diameter WSF. Operations were performed in free flight and at various attitudes while on the shuttle orbiter remote manipulator system (RMS) arm. Preflight and postflight simulations were performed using the programs Potentials of Large Objects in the Auroral Region (POLAR) and Dynamic Plasma Analysis Code (DynaPAC) and are compared here with the flight results. Both programs perform three-dimensional, self-consistent, steady state plasma simulations. During high-voltage operations the wake-side probe collected current consistent with preflight predictions. In both the flight data and the steady state simulations the current collected has a power law dependence on the potential and has a less than linear dependence on density. Growth of the sheath beyond the WSF edge controls the highvoltage current collection, and kinematic and space charge effects both play important roles in attracting ions into the wake region. Measurements made at low voltage differ from the calculations. The preflight calculations for a pure oxygen plasma predict a collection threshold at -100 V bias. The flight data show little or no threshold, implying a source of ions not accounted for in the simulations. Possible sources for these ions are discussed. BackgroundLow-Earth-orbiting spacecraft have velocities higher than the thermal speed of the ions and lower than the thermal speed of the electrons of the surrounding plasma. Figure 1 shows the basic structure of a spacecraft wake. The ion and electron densities immediately behind the spacecraft are dramatically reduced because only ions with velocities comparable to the spacecraft velocity (corresponding to an energy of about 5 eV) can exist in this "deep wake" region. The electron density would be near uniform were it not for the negative potential due to electron space charge. Samir et al.

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Wakes in collisionless plasma

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Charge transfer by high-energy electrons onto the leeward surfaces of a solid in a supersonic rarefied plasma flow

Charge transfer by high-energy electrons onto the leeward surfaces of a solid in a supersonic rarefied plasma flow

Solution of the inverse Langevin problem for open dissipative systems with anisotropic interparticle interaction

High‐voltage interactions in plasma wakes: Simulation and flight measurements from the Charge Hazards and Wake Studies (CHAWS) experiment

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