Waivers of parental consent for sexual minority youth

Smith, Ariel; Schwartz, Seth J.

doi:10.1080/08989621.2019.1632200

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Study procedures were explained and 18-year-old youth provided written consent; minors provided written assent. Consistent with other research with LGBTQ adolescents (Smith & Schwartz, 2019), parental consent was waived to mitigate potential risks related to disclosure of one's sexual orientation or gender identity. Participants completed a baseline survey at our laboratory or in private rooms in community locations (i.e., public libraries, LGBTQ-based community centers) to accommodate adolescents with limited access to transportation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A daily diary study of minority stress and negative and positive affect among racially diverse sexual minority adolescents.

Mereish

Miranda

Liu

et al. 2021

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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We conducted an intensive longitudinal study of sexual minority adolescents to address gaps in the literature, limitations in retrospective reporting, and test tenets of the minority stress model. We examined the frequency of daily minority stressors and their within-person associations with negative and positive affect. We also tested the moderating effects of depressive symptomology on these associations. Sexual minority adolescents (N = 94; 35.1% were bisexual; 31.9% were gender minority; 45.2% were racial/ ethnic minority), ages 12-18 years old (M = 16.1, SD = 1.5), were recruited from the community and completed a baseline questionnaire and then a 21-day daily dairy (82.5% response rate). Participants experienced at least one minority stressor, with an average of 16.96 minority stressors (SD = 18.7, Range: 0-83), over the 21-day monitoring period. Some minority stressors were more commonly experienced than others (e.g., vicarious minority stress) and most participants attributed their sexual orientation to these stressors. Participants also attributed other marginalized identities to these stressors (e.g., gender identity, race). Daily minority stressors were associated with greater negative affect but not positive affect. Participants had greater negative affect on days where sexual-orientation-specific minority stressors were endorsed compared to days where minority stressors were not reported. These associations were not moderated by depression symptomology. The results underscore that minority stressors are pervasive experiences of sexual minority adolescents' daily life and natural environment and they are associated with daily emotions. The findings have implications for the minority stress model and future research and interventions. Public Significance StatementThe findings of this study demonstrate that stigma and unique stressors are pervasive experiences in sexual minority adolescents' daily life, and these daily experiences are associated with greater negative affect.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A daily diary study of minority stress and negative and positive affect among racially diverse sexual minority adolescents.

Mereish

Miranda

Liu

et al. 2021

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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“…The authors' institutional review board approved the protocol. Consistent with research with LGBTQ adolescents (Smith & Schwartz, 2019), parental consent was waived for participants who were under 18 years of age to mitigate any potential risks related to disclosure of one's sexual orientation or gender identity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Ideas. Familial Influences, Shame, Guilt, and Depression Among Sexual Minority Adolescents

et al. 2020

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This study examined the mediating effects of self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame and guilt) on the relationships between familial influences and depressive symptoms among sexual minority adolescents (SMAs). Background: Familial influences, such as family rejection or parental affirmation, are associated with depression. However, little research has been conducted to identify specific mechanisms that can explain the associations between familial influences and depressive symptoms among SMAs. Method: Participants were 94 adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years, who were recruited through the community and completed self-report measures. Results: Family rejection was associated with more feelings of shame and guilt, whereas parent affirmation was associated with less shame and guilt. Shame and guilt were associated with more depressive symptoms. Indirect effects of family rejection on depression were significant through shame but not guilt.

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“…This is known as the statutory approach to consent, in other words, the legal approach to consent. Although seen as an important safety barrier and good practice, the requirement for parental consent is open to criticism as it may discourage young people, particularly those who are marginalised, from participating in research [109,112,[118][119][120][121]. For this reason, this project will favour a maturity or skills-based approach, which values young people's agency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating perspectives of transgender and gender-diverse youth, parents, and professionals to support their health and wellbeing – a mixed-method study protocol

Servais,

Vanhoutte,

Aguirre-Sánchez-Beato

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The current literature highlights a strong link between the poor health outcomes of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals and their negative experiences in various areas of life. Most of these publications rely on adults' memories, lacking a focus on the current experiences and needs of young transgender and gender-diverse individuals. Furthermore, previous studies on support for these young people often solely consider the perspectives of TGD adults or professionals and rarely involve parents' viewpoints. Methods This study will use a mixed sequential method with a participatory approach. Firstly, the qualitative phase will explore the difficulties and needs of TGD (15–20 years old) and of the families and professionals who support them. Results from this part will be used to develop the questionnaire for the quantitative phase, with the help of a community board. Secondly, based on participatory epidemiological research, the quantitative phase will use an intersectional perspective to measure the impact of individual and structural factors on the quality of life and well-being of transgender and gender-diverse young people. Finally, a co-creation phase will be undertaken to formulate recommendations based on the results of the first two phases. Discussion This research aims at better understanding the influence of gender identity on the quality of life and health of TGD young people and their families and to identify protective and risk factors that affect their vulnerabilities. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Erasme Faculty Hospital (CCB B4062023000140). As this research is participatory and part of a PhD dissertation, we aim to disseminate the results through our partners' networks and structures locally, and internationally through conferences and peer-reviewed journals.

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Waivers of parental consent for sexual minority youth

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

A daily diary study of minority stress and negative and positive affect among racially diverse sexual minority adolescents.

A daily diary study of minority stress and negative and positive affect among racially diverse sexual minority adolescents.

Emerging Ideas. Familial Influences, Shame, Guilt, and Depression Among Sexual Minority Adolescents

Integrating perspectives of transgender and gender-diverse youth, parents, and professionals to support their health and wellbeing – a mixed-method study protocol

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