Waiting for markets to change me—High-stakeholders' views of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in pig production in Brazil

Abstract

Albernaz-Gonçalves R, Olmos Antillón G and Hötzel MJ ( ) Waiting for markets to change me-High-stakeholders' views of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in pig production in Brazil.

Spread and persistence of antimicrobial resistance genes in wastewater from human and animal sources in São Paulo, Brazil

“…Brazil is one of the largest meat producers in the world, however, it is also one of the largest consumers of antibiotics in animal production. Although some alternatives for antibiotic use in livestock are emerging, for example, less stressful management to reduce infections and the use of antimicrobial peptides for growth promotion, Brazilian farmers still believe that antibiotics are essential resources to meet the high standards of foreign markets and to produce cheap food for consumers [11,12]. Regulations on the use of antibiotics in livestock production in Latin America have been advancing toward achieving the standards required by international human and animal health authorities [13]; however, no regulations are applied for wastewater release, and each producer manages waste according to local conditions, whether installing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or disposing the waste directly into nature.…”