Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of high blood pressure in urban Indian school children

Mishra, Pinky; Shastri, Lisha; Thomas, Tinku; Duggan, Catherine; Bosch, Ronald J.; McDonald, Christine M; Kurpad, Anura V; Kuriyan, Rebecca

doi:10.1007/s13312-015-0715-x

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Overall, 3.4% of students in government schools and 21.9% in private schools are either overweight or obese ( Arora et al, 2012 ; Jagadesan et al, 2014 ). Our results corroborate and extend the findings from previous regional studies in India ( Patnaik et al, 2015 ; Mishra et al, 2015 ; Khadilkar et al, 2014 ; Gupta et al, 2012 ). However, our results differ from findings from the developed world where overweight and obesity have been shown to be higher among low SES groups ( Stamatakis et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A study conducted with school children aged 10–16 years in Odisha (India) reported the prevalence of overweight and obesity to be 27.8% ( Patnaik et al, 2015 ). Likewise, a second study conducted in Bangalore, India reported the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children aged 6–16 years to be 15.1% ( Mishra et al, 2015 ). A study conducted in Kolkata, India with school children, aged 10–19 years found the prevalence of hypertension (systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 95th percentile for gender, age and height) to be 10.1% ( Maiti and Bandyopadhyay, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socioeconomic differences in prevalence of biochemical, physiological, and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases among urban youth in Delhi, India

Arora

Mathur

Rawal

et al. 2018

Preventive Medicine Reports

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This study examined whether the distribution of biochemical, physiological, and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among children and youth in urban India vary by socioeconomic status (SES). Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey of students enrolled in the 2nd and 11th grades in 19 randomly selected schools in Delhi (N = 1329) in 2014–15. Mixed-effect regression models were used to determine the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs among private (higher SES) and government (lower SES) school students. After adjusting for age, gender, and grade we found the percentage of overweight (13.16% vs. 3.1%, p value < 0.01) and obese (8.7% vs. 0.3%, p value < 0.01) students was significantly higher among private relative to government school students. Similarly, significantly higher percentage of private school students had higher waist circumference values (7.72% vs. 0.58%, p value < 0.01) than government school students. Furthermore, similar trend was observed across schools in the distribution of other NCD risk factors: raised blood pressure, raised total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein. Surprisingly, despite a higher prevalence of all risk factors, significantly higher percentage of private school students had adequate/ideal levels of high-density lipoprotein. Overall, the risk profile of private school students suggests they are more vulnerable to future NCDs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic differences in prevalence of biochemical, physiological, and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases among urban youth in Delhi, India

Arora

Mathur

Rawal

et al. 2018

Preventive Medicine Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, other studies have reported different findings. A study conducted in Indian schoolchildren aged 6–16 years showed that the AUC value of WHtR for high SBP was slightly higher than that of WC and BMI, while the AUC value of BMI for high DBP was slightly higher than that of WHtR and WC 47 . In a study conducted in Switzerland, Chiolero et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Associations between body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and high blood pressure among adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Kučienė

Dulskienė

2019

Sci Rep

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and high blood pressure (HBP), and to determine which anthropometric parameters can best predict HBP among Lithuanian adolescents aged 12–15 years. Data from the survey of “Prevalence and Risk Factors of HBP in 12–15-Year-Old Lithuanian Children and Adolescents (Study 1, 2010–2012)” were used; a total of 7,457 respondents (3,494 boys and 3,963 girls) were included in this analysis. Adolescents with BP above the 90th percentile were measured on two different occasions. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations and to calculate odds ratios. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the three anthropometric parameters to predict HBP. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) in the highest quartiles of BMI, WC, and WHtR were statistically significant for both sexes separately (reference group – the first quartile): in boys, prehypertension – 4.91, 4.09, and 1.59; hypertension – 7.96, 6.44, and 2.81; and prehypertension/hypertension – 6.85, 5.65, and 2.37, respectively; and in girls, prehypertension – 3.42, 2.70, and 1.66; hypertension – 5.71, 3.54, and 2.90; and prehypertension/hypertension – 4.62, 3.17, and 2.31, respectively). According to the analyses of the ROC curve, BMI z-score provided the largest area under the curve (AUC) value, followed by WC z-score, while WHtR z-score showed the lowest AUC value in predicting elevated BP in both sexes separately. Among Lithuanian adolescents aged 12–15 years, both anthropometric indices – BMI and WC (but particularly BMI) – showed stronger associations with HBP and were better for the prediction of HBP, compared to WHtR.

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“…11 A study from urban Bangalore, among the 6-16 years old children the prevalence of hypertension was 10.7% (high SBP 8.0% and high DBP 2.7%). 12 A nationwide study in Pakistan involving children 5-14 years, the overall prevalence of hypertension was reported as 12.2% with higher prevalence among boys (15.8%) than girls (8.7%). 13 Among Brazilian school children aged 6-11 years, the prevalence of hypertension was 11.2% in normal-weight, 20.6% in overweight and 39.7% in obese children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hypertension in urban school children aged 5 to 10 years in North India

Das

Bhatia²,

Sibal

2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Blood pressure in children is a known predictor cardiovascular health and outcome in adulthood. Prevalence of hypertension in Indian adults is rising over the years. It is anticipated that the blood pressure in Indian children might have also increased over the years. This study was undertaken to document the prevalence of hypertension among urban school children aged 5-10 years in North India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken in 28 private schools in urban Faridabad, Haryana. A total of 5636 children aged 5 to 10 years from both sexes undergone blood pressure, height and weight measurement. Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was estimated using the available reference cutoff for Indian children. The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was compared for different BMI categories and gender. Results: Overall the prevalence of hypertension was 19.7%, while 13.4% children were in pre-hypertensive range. The prevalence of hypertension increased with BMI and age in both sexes. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in girl than boys. Hypertension was documented in 14.6% of the underweight and 20.6% of normal-weight children.Conclusion: A high proportion of children were hypertensive or pre-hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension in under-weight and normal-weight children indicate need for systematic documentation.

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Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of high blood pressure in urban Indian school children

Abstract: Obesity indicators, especially waist-to-height ratio due to its ease of measurement, can be useful initial screening tools for risk of high blood pressure in urban Indian school children.

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Socioeconomic differences in prevalence of biochemical, physiological, and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases among urban youth in Delhi, India

Socioeconomic differences in prevalence of biochemical, physiological, and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases among urban youth in Delhi, India

Associations between body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and high blood pressure among adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence of hypertension in urban school children aged 5 to 10 years in North India

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