Waist Circumference is Associated with Blood Pressure in Children with Normal Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 3,417 School Children

Pazin, Daiane Cristina; Rosaneli, Caroline Filla; Olandoski, Márcia; Oliveira, Edna Regina Netto de; Baena, Cristina Pellegrino; Figueredo, Alyne S; Baraniuk, Analin Ono; Kaestner, Tatiana L.; Guarita-Souza, Luiz César; Faria-Neto, José Rocha

doi:10.5935/abc.20170162

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Considering the attributable risk fraction of physical inactivity to develop hypertension and obesity, 16-18 it seems reasonable to hypothesize that the differences in health status between OEG and RSch students can result from the PA policy implemented in the OEG. The time course for weight changes and BP control by non-pharmacological intervention, 19 and the association between school PA policy and CVD risk factors 20,21 could support our hypothesis. As for lipid profile, the absence of differences was not a surprise, once PA is known to have only a slight effect on lipid content.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The Olympic Experimental Gymnasium Program and its Association with the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Scheer¹,

Helal

Ferrari

et al. 2019

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Physical activity (PA) and appropriate diet, if adopted in childhood and adolescence, may reduce the CVD burden in later life. The Olympic Experimental Gymnasium (OEG) project was implemented to increase the PA levels of students by means of regular physical exercise and healthy eating habits. Objectives To estimate and compare the prevalence of CVD risk factors in OEG schools versus regular schools (RSch) and to examine associations between the school environment and CVD risk factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study with a comparator group, adolescents aged 12-13 years attending three OEG schools (n = 719) and three RSch (n = 394) were evaluated after one year of the ongoing program to estimate the prevalence of overweight, pre-hypertension/hypertension, altered glycemia, and lipid profile. An α level of 0.05 was set for statistical analysis. Results RSch students had higher odds to have high blood pressure (OR 1.86, 1.36-2.54) and to be overweight (OR 1.49, 1.13-1.98) than OEG students. Glucose levels were not altered in most cases regardless of school type, and no differences were found in lipid profile. In the sensitivity analysis stratified by gender, girls from RSch were more likely to have high body mass index than boys. Conclusions Exposure of adolescents to the OEG policies was positively associated with an important reduction in CVD risk factors, including high blood pressure and overweight.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The Olympic Experimental Gymnasium Program and its Association with the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Scheer¹,

Helal

Ferrari

et al. 2019

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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“…In adolescents, the use of WC is limited due to changes in body composition caused by growth and development [10]. WC increase is not necessarily associated with BMI increase, and can be abnormal even when it is within the normal range [11]. In addition, many CV risk factors are present in children and adolescents with normal weight [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Abdominal Waist Circumference and Blood Pressure In Brazilian Adolescents With Normal Body Mass Index

et al. 2020

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Obesity is the most common chronic disease in adolescents. In adults, waist circumference (WC) is associated with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and is also a better predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk than body mass index (BMI). The association between WC and CV risk factors in adolescents has been poorly explored so far, mainly in those within the normal BMI range. Objective: To evaluate the association between WC and elevated blood pressure (BP) in adolescents with a normal BMI. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 73,399 scholars between 12 and 17 years old from the ERICA study, a school-based, national representative study with Brazilian adolescents. Only those within the normal range of BMI were included. The WC was categorized into quartiles for sex and age (Q1 to Q4). For the analysis, BP values ≥ 90th percentile were considered to indicate elevated BP, what includes hypertension and pre-hypertension. The Poisson Regression model was used and the prevalence ratio was estimated. Results: A total of 53,308 adolescents with normal BMI were included. Prevalence of elevated BP in the overall group was 18.0%. In female adolescents with WC in the lowest quartile for their age, the prevalence of elevated BP was 7.3% (12-14 years) and 6.9% (15-17 years), increasing in the upper quartile to 15.2% and 19.5% respectively, with a prevalence ratio (PR) indicating chance at least two times higher for elevated BP in Q4 (p < 0.001). Similarly, this was observed in boys, with a prevalence of elevated BP of 10.0% and 18.9% in Q1, increasing to 21.4% and 49.6% in Q4 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In adolescents, there is a strong association of increased WC with BP elevation, even when the BMI is adequate.

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“…[ 38 – 43 ] Regarding the predictive power of BMI and WC on elevated BP, literature studies have shown that increased WC is associated with elevated BP even when BMI is normal. [ 44 , 45 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waist circumference a clinical criterion for prediction of cardio-vascular complications in children and adolescences with overweight and obesity

et al. 2020

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Overweight and obesity in childhood are associated with early cardiovascular dysfunction and promote heightened risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Waist circumference (WC) correlates with visceral obesity, which is why obese children with elevated WC need to be carefully monitored to prevent long-term cardio-metabolic complications. The purpose of our study was to establish if WC could be a predictor of cardiovascular complications in children. The authors conducted a retrospective study that included 160 overweight and obese children and adolescents, aged 6 to 18 years. Patients were evaluated completely anthropometrically, biologically, and imagistic. The anthropometric data tracked were height, weight, WC, and body mass index. Echocardiography evaluated the following parameters: the interventricular septum, left ventricular mass, the relative thickness of the ventricular wall, the pathological epicardial fat. Our results confirm that the presence of visceral obesity was significantly associated (χ 2 = 11.72, P = .0006) with pathological epicardial fat. In children, visceral obesity is not a risk factor for vascular or cardiac impairment, but in adolescents, the results showed that visceral obesity is an important predictive factor for the occurrence of vascular (AUC = 0.669, P = .021) and cardiac (AUC = 0.697, P = .037) impairment. Concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is significantly influenced by the presence of visceral obesity (AUC = 0.664, P = .013 children; AUC = 0.716, P = .026 adolescents). WC above the 90th percentile is a predictive factor for increased LVM index and concentric hypertrophy in both children and adolescents.

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Waist Circumference is Associated with Blood Pressure in Children with Normal Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 3,417 School Children

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

The Olympic Experimental Gymnasium Program and its Association with the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Olympic Experimental Gymnasium Program and its Association with the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Association Between Abdominal Waist Circumference and Blood Pressure In Brazilian Adolescents With Normal Body Mass Index

Waist circumference a clinical criterion for prediction of cardio-vascular complications in children and adolescences with overweight and obesity

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