WAI-ARIA live regions and channels: ReefChat as a case example

Thießen, P. A.; Russell, E. K.

doi:10.1080/17483100902903325

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This is a known problem, and the potential for ARIA to deal with situations like this has been examined by Thiessen and Chen [13]. They found that ARIA had limited ability to make frequently changing pages (their example was a chat room) accessible, although further developments in ARIA and its application are improving this [14,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Thiessen and Chen [13] have explored the difficulties associated with using ARIA to provide an usable interface to a Web-based chat client for screen reader users. While developments have improved matters [14,15], using ARIA in sophisticated rich user interfaces is a complex and demanding task, requiring considerable time and money, and a good understanding of users. It is also likely that further development of ARIA is necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The essence of the ARIA solution (see, for example, [4,14,15]) is to address some of the accessibility barriers by adding semantic metadata to a page. 29 In addition to enabling keyboard accessibility and making the role and state of controls explicit, ARIA provides a mechanism for noting live regions-those parts of a page that may be updated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mailing list archives from June 2006 are publicly available. 15 In order to assess the technologies actually used by blind and partially sighted computer users, a message was posted to the mailing list asking members if they could provide information about which assistive technologies and which Web browsers they used. Unfortunately, no replies were forthcoming, so the information was obtained through an analysis of the archives.…”

Section: Technology Choicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The uptake of Web 2.0 technologies, and its impact on visually disabled users

Brown

Jay

Chen

et al. 2011

Univ Access Inf Soc

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World Wide Web (Web) documents, once delivered in a form that remained constant whilst viewed, are now often dynamic, with sections of a page able to change independently, either automatically or as a result of user interaction. In order to make these updates, and hence their host pages, accessible, it is necessary to detect when the update occurs and how it has changed the page, before determining how, when and what to present to the user. This can only be achieved with an understanding of both the technologies used to achieve dynamic updates and the human factors influencing how people use them. After proposing a user-centred classification of dynamic updates, this paper surveys the current state of technology from two perspectives: that of the developer, and those of visually disabled users. For the former group, the paper introduces some of the technologies that are currently available for implementing dynamic Web pages, before reporting on the results of experiments analysing current and historical Web pages to determine the extent of use of these technologies 'in the wild' and the trends in their uptake. The analysis shows that for the most popular 500 sites, JavaScript is used in 93%, Flash in 27% and about one-third (30%) use XMLHttpRequest, a technology used to generate dynamic updates. Uptake of XMLHttpRequest is approximately 2.3% per year across a random selection of 500 sites and is probably higher in the most popular sites. When examining dynamic updates from the perspective of visually disabled users, first an investigation is reported into which technologies (Web Browser and assistive technologies) are currently used by this group in the UK: Internet Explorer and JAWS are clear favourites. Then, the paper describes the results of an experiment, and supporting anecdotal evidence, which suggests that, at best, most users can currently reach updated content, but they must do so manually, and are rarely given any indication that any update has occurred. With technologies enabling dynamic updating of content currently deployed in about 30% of the most popular sites, and increasing annually, action is urgently required if visually disabled users are to be able to use the Web. The paper concludes by discussing some of the issues involved in making these updates accessible.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technology Choicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The uptake of Web 2.0 technologies, and its impact on visually disabled users

Brown

Jay

Chen

et al. 2011

Univ Access Inf Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Asynchronous JavaScript and XML is used to poll the database and identify any new content that needs to be displayed via either a refresh or append command to the appropriate element within the page. However, as our initial tests with users with disabilities identified, and as Thiessen and Russell [73] note, it is very difficult for Assistive Technologies (ATs) to understand Document Object Model events in AJAX applications. To resolve this issue, the W3C's WAI Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite (WAI-ARIA), which provides a framework for adding attributes to identify features for user interaction, has been implemented.…”

Section: Eaimentioning

confidence: 99%

The design of inclusive curricula for multi-user virtual environments: a framework for developers and educators

Wood¹

2011

ICST Trans. e-Educ. e-Learn.

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Increasing access to Information Communication Technologies and a growing awareness of the importance of digital media literacy have led many educators to seek innovative solutions to harness the enthusiasm of 'net gen' learners while also enhancing their ability to collaborate, communicate and problem solve augmented by digital technologies. One of the emergent trends in response to these demands has been the shift away from traditional models of teaching to more flexible approaches such as the use of multi-user virtual environments (MUVEs) designed to facilitate a more collaborative and participatory approach to student learning. At the same time, international initiatives such as the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, Education for All and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities have highlighted the importance of ensuring that such teaching and learning environments are inclusive of students with diverse needs. Many universities are also responding to a widening participation agenda; a policy focus which aims to increase both the access and success rates of students from low socio-economic backgrounds. Educational technology has long been regarded as a means by which students who may be isolated by disability, geographical location and/or social circumstances can gain access to such learning opportunities. The growth in the use of MUVEs combined with increasing access to mobile communications opens up new opportunities for engaging students from diverse backgrounds through virtual learning environments. Yet despite the potential, there are many challenges in ensuring that the very students who are most able to benefit from such e-learning technologies are not further disadvantaged by a lack of attention to both the technical and pedagogical considerations required in the design of inclusive e-learning environments. This paper reports on the findings of research funded through an Australian Learning and Teaching Council Grant, which aims to increase the opportunities for learners to participate more fully in education through an accessible multi-user virtual learning environment. The paper draws on ethnographic research, trials of undergraduate courses and a framework that can guide educators and designers in developing curricula that maximises the pedagogical affordances of e-learning technologies such as MUVEs, while also addressing the needs of diverse learners.

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An Accessible Chat Prototype for Screen Reader Users in Mobile Devices

Calvo

Iglesias

Moreno

2013

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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Abstract. Chats present accessibility problems for screen reader users. This work presents a prototype of an accessible chat for Mobile Devices (MD). The main aim of this research is to remove the accessibility barriers that screen reader users face when they use a chat in a MD. Thus, this prototype is based on the requirements which have been elicited considering background research and with the use of Software Engineering (SE) and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) methods as well as accessibility standards and guidelines.

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WAI-ARIA live regions and channels: ReefChat as a case example

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

The uptake of Web 2.0 technologies, and its impact on visually disabled users

The uptake of Web 2.0 technologies, and its impact on visually disabled users

The design of inclusive curricula for multi-user virtual environments: a framework for developers and educators

An Accessible Chat Prototype for Screen Reader Users in Mobile Devices

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