Wackernagel affixes: evidence from Balto-Slavic

Nevis, Joel A.; Joseph, Brian D.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3710-4_4

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Another phenomenon whose incidence is compatible with (if not predicted by) the micromorphology hypothesis is that of Wackernagel affixes (Nevis & Joseph 1993) -affixes that appear as the second morph in a word form, e.g., in the positions marked 'X' in the schemata in (40). ma-lɔm-ma-n ma-lɔm-ma-n-si-n ma-lɔm-ma-n-si-n 1du.incl a-n-lɔm-cʰ-u-n -n-lɔm-cʰ-u-n-si-n a-n-lɔm-cʰ-u-n-si-n 1du.excl ma-lɔm-cʰ-u-ŋa-n ma-lɔm-cʰ-u-si-ŋa-n ma-lɔm-cʰ-u-si-ŋa-n 1pl.incl a-n-lɔps-u-m-nɛn a-n-lɔps-u-m-si-m-nɛn a-n-lɔps-u-m-si-m-nɛn 1pl.excl ma-lɔps-u-m-ma-n ma-lɔps-u-m-si-m-ma-n ma-lɔps-u-m-si-m-ma-n 2sg ka-n-lɔps-u-n ka-n-lɔps-u-n-si-n ka-n-lɔps-u-n-si-n 2du ka-n-lɔm-cʰ-u-n ka-n-lɔm-cʰ-u-n-si-n ka-n-lɔm-cʰ-u-n-si-n 2pl ka-n-lɔps-u-m-nɛn ka-n-lɔps-u-m-si-m-nɛn ka-n-lɔps-u-m-si-m-nɛn 3sg ma-lɔps-u-n ma-lɔps-u-n-si-n ma-lɔps-u-n-si-n 3du ma-lɔm-cʰ-u-n ma-lɔm-cʰ-u-n-si-n ma-lɔm-cʰ-u-n-si-n 3pl ma-n-lɔps-u-n ma-n-lɔps-u-n-si-n ma-n-lɔps-u-n-si-n a Object a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Rule conflation in an inferential-realizational theory of morphotactics

Stump

2017

Acta Linguistica Academica

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Abstract:In intuitive terms to be sharpened below, the micromorphology hypothesis is the hypothesis that an affix can itself be morphologically complex. This is a widespread assumption in descriptive accounts of the morphology of individual languages; yet, with only the rarest exceptions (e.g., the proposals of Bauer 1988;Bochner 1992 andLuís &Spencer 2005), morphological theory has tended to reject this hypothesis, most often tacitly. My objective here is therefore threefold. I begin by characterizing the micromorphology hypothesis in more precise terms, exemplifying it with the analysis of nominal inflection in Noon (Niger Congo/Atlantic; Senegal) presented by Soukka (2000) and showing that in a rule-based conception of morphology, this hypothesis entails an operation of rule conflation similar (though not identical) to the operation of function composition in mathematics. I propose an inferential realizational morphological theory that implements the micromorphology hypothesis by incorporating the notion of rule conflation. I demonstrate its basic properties with regard to the Noon evidence. I survey several kinds of evidence that favor the conciliation of morphological theory with the micromorphology hypothesis and therefore necessitate a rather profound rethinking of the principles of morphotactics. I discuss a number of apparent morphotactic anomalies that can be readily accounted for by assuming that the default patterns of interaction among a language's morphological rules can be overridden by the conflation of two or more rules. I conclude by discussing the wider implications of the micromorphology hypothesis for refining a theory of inflectional exponence, observing that rule conflation is only one of the ways in which current conceptions of the algebra of morphotactics must be improved upon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Rule conflation in an inferential-realizational theory of morphotactics

Stump

2017

Acta Linguistica Academica

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“…(27) a. t-e-kohč-ay-os, *t-e-kohč-as-ay PAST-THEME-cut-REFL-1 *PAST-THEME-cut-1-REFL 'I cut (PAST) myself' b. t-e-kohč-as-ay-on, *t-e-kohč-ay-as-on PAST-THEME-cut-1-REFL-PL *PAST-THEME-cut-REFL-1-PL 'we cut (PAST) ourselves' A similar example can be found in Lithuanian (Senn 1966, Nevis & Joseph 1993, Embick & Noyer 2001, in which si 'reflexive' is a suffix, unless one or more of a certain class of prefixes is present, in which case si occurs as the second prefix, as in 28.…”

Section: Learning Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…As an example of the latter, recall the case of nontransitivity in Lithuanian in 28 in which si 'reflexive' can either precede or follow the root, depending on whether a prefix (of a certain type) is present. According to Nevis and Joseph (1993), si was originally a second-position clitic, explaining its variable placement with respect to the root. If second-position clitics are uncommon, we would not expect this sort of situation to be morphologized often, even though it is entirely learnable when it is morphologized.…”

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confidence: 99%

Variable affix order: Grammar and learning

Ryan¹

2010

Language

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While affix ordering often reflects general syntactic or semantic principles, it can also be arbitrary or variable. This article develops a theory of morpheme ordering based on local morphotactic restrictions encoded as weighted bigram constraints. I examine the formal properties of morphotactic systems, including arbitrariness, nontransitivity, context-sensitivity, analogy, and variation. Several variable systems are surveyed before turning to a detailed corpus study of a variable affix in Tagalog. Bigram morphotactics is shown to cover Tagalog and the typology, while other formalisms, such as alignment, precedence, and position classes, undergenerate. Moreover, learning simulations reveal that affix ordering under bigram morphotactics is subject to analogical pressures, providing a learning-theoretic motivation for the specific patterns of variation observed in Tagalog. I raise a different set of objections to rule-based approaches invoking affix movement. Finally, I demonstrate that bigram morphotactics is restrictive, being unable to generate unattested scenarios such as nonlocal contingency in ordering.*

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“…The behavior of the reflexive morpheme -si in Standard Lithuanian (Senn 1966, Nevis andJoseph 1992) provides an important showcase for the interaction of Local Dislocations at the SWd level.…”

Section: The Lithuanian Reflexivementioning

confidence: 99%

Movement Operations after Syntax

2001

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We develop a theory of movement operations that occur after the syntactic derivation, in the PF component, within the framework of Distributed Morphology. The properties of syntactic movement have been studied extensively in linguistic theory, both in terms of locality conditions and in terms of the types of constituents affected (phrases, subparts of phrases, heads). Despite differences in particular analyses or frameworks, the locality conditions on movement operations are a central concern of current research. Here we address movement operations as well, but operations of a different type. In particular, we examine and analyze movement operations that occur after the syntactic derivation, in the PF component, and provide a theory that makes proposals concerning (a) the locality conditions on such movements, (b) the types of constituents they affect, and (c) the position of such operations in the sequential derivation from the output of syntax to phonologically instantiated expressions.From a somewhat abstract perspective, the fact on which we base our study is that not all structures and strings are the result of operations that occur exclusively in the syntactic component of the grammar; this observation stems from a body of prior research investigating the relationship between syntactic structure and phonological form. The observation covers two domains: one dealing with linear sequences that are syntactically opaque, the other with movement operations. In the first domain it has been demonstrated that the internal ordering of clitic clusters cannotWe would like to thank

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Wackernagel affixes: evidence from Balto-Slavic

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Rule conflation in an inferential-realizational theory of morphotactics

Rule conflation in an inferential-realizational theory of morphotactics

Variable affix order: Grammar and learning

Movement Operations after Syntax

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