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Transformation of Long-Lived Albino Epipremnum aureum ‘Golden Pothos’ and Restoring Chloroplast Development

“…Inducible co-transformed albino plants could be used not only to study the expression site(s) of the test gene but also to monitor the translocation process of its encoded protein during the chloroplast biogenesis under induced conditions. These albino plants could also be used to unravel biological questions, such as the effects of pigments on root development and light quality on plant development, where chlorophyll effects must be avoided or controlled as demonstrated previously (Jabben and Deitzer, 1979;Bavrina et al, 2002;Roelfsema et al, 2006;Van Norman et al, 2014). Recently, plants are becoming a promising expression system to produce a diverse range of biopharmaceuticals (Xu et al, 2012;Moon et al, 2020).…”

“…Some of them have been used to shed the light on pathways involved in chloroplast biogenesis, such as the retrograde signaling (Bradbeer et al, 1979;Börner, 2017), plastid protein import machinery (Shipman-Roston et al, 2010;Li et al, 2019), and light signal regulated genes in albino plants (Grübler et al, 2017). Chemically induced and tissue culture-derived albino plants have been used to understand the development of stomatal complex (Hernández-Castellano et al, 2020), stomatal opening and functioning (Roelfsema et al, 2006), the role of blue or red light in regulating flowering (Jabben and Deitzer, 1979;Bavrina et al, 2002), and the effects of carotenoid-derived molecules on root development patterning (Van Norman et al, 2014). Although albino plants occur in nature and can also be obtained in laboratory through somaclonal variation by cell and tissue culture, induction by physical and chemical mutagenesis, and genetic engineering, a distinct characteristic of the albino plants is that the majority of them are usually short-lived even though they are maintained on culture media with high sucrose (Dunford and Walden, 1991;Zubko and Day, 1998;Ruppel et al, 2011;Steiner et al, 2011;García-Alcázar et al, 2017).…”