W Tungsten

A spatially resolved relaxation method for pLTE plasma diagnostics in free-burning arcs

“…This caused a large uncertainty in the determination of the work function. On the other hand, even electrodes made of pure tungsten show a large variation in their work function, both at room temperature [47] and under arcing conditions [48]. Both electrodes had flat ends and were 30 mm in length.…”

Low energy electron reflection from tungsten surfaces

“…The general consensus in the literature is that the work function of polycrystalline tungsten at room temperature is W f ≃ 4.55 eV [33][34][35][36]. However, the work function of monocrystalline tungsten exhibits strong variations for different crystallographic orientations [36], for instance in the case of low index crystal faces W(110) → 5.30 eV, W(100) → 4.58 eV, W(111) → 4.40 eV. Therefore, the work function deviations between different crystal faces can reach 0.9 eV.…”