Vγ1⁺γδT Cells Are Correlated With Increasing Expression of Eosinophil Cationic Protein and Metalloproteinase-7 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps Inducing the Formation of Edema

Abstract

PurposeWe have found that expression of γδT cells is increased in pathological mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) compared with normal nasal mucosa. This increase is correlated with the infiltration of eosinophils in CRSwNP. Here, we investigated the expression of γδT cells, inflammation and tissue remodeling factors as well as their probable relationships in different types of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in China.MethodsA total of 76 surgical tissue samples that included 43 CRSwNP samples (15 eosinophilic and 28 non-eosinophilic), 17 CRS samples without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 16 controls were obtained. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of Vγ1+ γδT cells, Vγ4+ γδT cells, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), interleukin (IL)-8, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-4 and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the protein level of ECP and MMP-7 in CRSwNP. The eosinophils were counted and the level of edema was analyzed with HE staining.ResultsThe mRNA expression levels of the Vγ1 subset, ECP and MMP-7 were significantly increased in CRSwNP with histological characteristics of eosinophilic infiltration and edema. The expression of the Vγ1 gene in CRSwNP correlated positively with the expression of both ECP and MMP-7. No significant decreases in the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β2, TIMP-4 or HIF-1α were observed in the CRSwNP samples. The expression levels of Vγ1 gene, ECP and MMP-7 were significantly increased in eosinophilic CRSwNP compared to non-eosinophilic CRSwNP.ConclusionsOur results suggest the associations between Vγ1+ γδT cells, ECP and MMP-7 in CRSwNP, indicating that Vγ1+ γδT cells can induce the eosinophilic inflammation, which has a further effect on the formation of edema.

Cross-talk between TH2 and TH17 pathways in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

“…Edema formation in NPs has previously been reported to be associated with eosinophil infiltration. 37,38 In this regard our study has shown a positive correlation between edema scores and T H 2-related factors and a negative correlation between edema scores and T H 17-related factors, suggesting that the T H 2 pathway promotes edema formation, whereas the T H 17 pathway inhibits edema formation. Our finding that edema scores in the IL-5 1 IL-17 2 group were greater than those in the IL-5 2 IL-17 1 group further supports this hypothesis.…”

Infiltration pattern of gammadelta T cells and its association with local inflammatory response in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis

“…Compared with lower airway inflammation, the functions of γδ T cells in chronic nasal inflammation (eg, chronic rhinosinusitis and AR) are poorly understood. A recent study demonstrated that the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of γδ T cell Vγ1 genes were upregulated in nasal polyps, which was associated with eosinophilic infiltration and edematous changes . Our previous examination of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed a dynamic equilibrium in the number of γδ T cell subfamily members in AR patients before and after allergen‐specific immunotherapy .…”

Different effects of allergic rhinitis on nasal mucosa remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps

“…We speculated that higher expression of MMP-9 could contribute to longer surgery recovery time in patients with CRSwAR. Yang et al [ 40 ] showed that MMP-7 was significantly increased in EOS CRSwNP compared to non-Eos CRSwNP. However, our data showed that MMP-7 expression was higher in CRSsNPwAR group compared to CRSsNPsAR group and no significant difference was observed between CRSwNPsAR group and CRSwNPwAR group.…”