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Brainy stuff of long-gone dogs: a reappraisal of the supposed Canis endocranial cast from the Pliocene of Poland

“…Original generic attributions of Canis cipio (Crusafont Pairó 1950;Pons Moyá and Crusafont Pairó 1979) and Canis sp. (Morales and Aguirre 1976) from the Late Miocene of Spain, and C. adoxus from the Early Pliocene of France (Martin 1973) andSpain (Alcalá Martínez 1994), have also been questioned (Rook 1992;Tedford and Qiu 1996;Montoya et al 2006Montoya et al , 2009Rook 2009;Tedford et al 2009). Other putative candidates for early European Canis include C. michauxi from Perpignan (Leinders and Michaux 1969;Martin 1973) and Canis sp.…”

New rodent faunas from Middle Miocene and Mio- Pliocene in the Cabriel Basin (Valencia, Spain)

“…The more extensive area of the Jucar-Cabriel valleys has yielded a rich set of fossil micromammal localities (Aguirre et al, 1973;Alberdi et al, 1982;Alberdi et al, 1997;Benavent et al, 2008;Freudenthal et al, 1998;Lacomba et al, 1986;López-Martínez, 1989;Mansino et al, 2009;Martín-Suárez et al, 1998;Martín-Suárez et al, 2000;Mein et al, 1978;Mein and Martín-Suárez, 1993;Montoya et al, 2006;Morales, 1984;Opdyke et al, 1990;Opdyke et al, 1997;Robles et al, 1974;RuizSánchez et al, 1994). The age of these faunal assemblages covers a time span from Late Aragonian to Villafranchian (MN7/8 to MN17), or about 10 my of sedimentary record.…”

“…The depositional environment of these deposits is continental. Two important localities of large mammals of Late Turolian age, Venta del Moro (Montoya et al, 2006) and La Portera (Lacomba et al, 1986) are known in the Cabriel valley area. Both localities are situated below the limestone Unit that forms the uppermost deposits from this basin.…”

“…Both localities are situated below the limestone Unit that forms the uppermost deposits from this basin. They contain a varied fossil assemblage, 39 species of mammals in Venta del Moro, many of which are immigrants of Asian or African origin (Montoya et al, 2006).…”